Raj SUSTAINED as FTSE 100 may come to India; Nifty may go to UK Amidst Commonwealth Games Hype!

Vedanta defends human rights record after protests

Troubled galaxy Destroyed dreams, Chapter 531

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

Raj SUSTAINED as FTSE 100 may come to India; Nifty may go to UK Amidst Commonwealth Games Hype!

Vedanta defends human rights record after protests!

The National Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange (LSE) on Wednesday entered into an agreement to evaluate the options of cross-listing of their key indices on each other's platforms.British Prime Minister David Cameron tried to persuade India on Wednesday to do more business with Britain as he seeks new sources of economic growth to offset deep cuts in public spending at home.

On his first visit to India since taking office in May, Cameron leads a delegation including six ministers and more than 30 senior executives from top UK firms, to show that Britain is serious about boosting economic exchanges with the Asian giant.A day before he holds talks here, British Prime Minister David Cameron Wednesday ruled out any bid by Britain to mediate on the Kashmir dispute and stressed that it was for India and Pakistan to settle the issue.

"I don't think Britain is a great place to mediate on this issue," the 43-year-old Cameron, who is on a two-day visit to India, told a private news channel in an interview.

He said this in response to a question on the Kashmir issue. "We want India and Pakistan to have good relations, to have good dialogue and to settle these issues between them. It is for India and Pakistan to do that," he said.

Britain welcomed the fact that India and Pakistan have had contacts, he said while alluding to the recent foreign minister talks between India and Pakistan. "It is for you to decide," he added.

Cameron, who will hold talks with his Indian counterpart Manmohan Singh Thursday, is keen to avoid a repeat of the diplomatic gaffe then foreign secretary David Miliband made during his visit to India last year when he said the unresolved Kashmir issue stoked militancy in the region, eliciting a sharp reaction from New Delhi.

"I want this to be a relationship which drives economic growth upwards and drives our unemployment figures downwards," he said in a speech to young Indian business leaders at the high-tech InfosysINFY campus in Bangalore.

"This is a trade mission, yes, but I prefer to see it as my jobs mission," he said.

India, a former British colony, belongs to the "BRIC" group of rapidly growing emerging economies along with China, Brazil and Russia. Cameron has often lamented that Britain trades more with Ireland than it does with all the BRICs combined and he has vowed to remedy that with vigorous pro-trade diplomacy.
Unleashing a charm offensive on his maiden visit to India, British Prime Minister David Cameron singled out Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan and cricket icons Kapil Dev and Sachin Tendulkar among the cultural bonds that tie India and Britain.

"India and Britain also share so much culturally whether it's watching Shah Rukh Khan, eating the same food, speaking the same language and of course, watching the same sport," Cameron said in a special lecture to over 2,000 techies and business leaders at India's IT bellwether Infosys Technologies Bangalore.

"Many of you in this room would have grown up revering Kapil Dev. I did the same with Ian Botham," he said to a beaming audience.

"And Sachin Tendulkar, the Little Master, is so talented that wherever you're from, you can't help but admire him as he hits another century," he said.

"Indeed, culture is so important to our relationship that it's going to be a significant part of what I talk to Prime Minister (Manmohan) Singh about tomorrow."

Cameron arrived in New Delhi on Wednesday evening, the second leg of his two-day visit to the country. Expanding business and cultural tries between India and Britain are among key highlights of Cameron's maiden prime ministerial visit to India.

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Besides business honchos, Cameron has brought to India a team of sports and cultural personalities headed by Jeremy Hunt, Britain's secretary of state for culture, Olympics, media and sport.

The heads of the British Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, British Library, the British Council and vice chancellors of leading British universities are also part of the delegation.

In an article entitled "A stronger, wider and deeper relationship" in an Indian daily on Wednesday, Cameron set the perfect pitch for his India visit. He underlined that he has come to India with the biggest and most diverse delegation to "renew the relationship between India and Britain - to relaunch a relationship that is stronger, wider and deeper".

Lauding India's growing economy and emergence on the global stage, Cameron wrote: "In the US, they used to say: 'Go West, young man' to find opportunity and fortune. For today's entrepreneurs, the real promise is in the East."

"I believe that to spread opportunity for all our people, from Delhi to Dundee, Bangalore to Birmingham, we would benefit from a common strategy for economic growth," he wrote.

Among the executives on Cameron's plane is Richard Olver, chairman of defence group BAE Systems(BAES.L), who will return home with a contract potentially worth $775 million to supply 57 Hawk training jets to India's air force and navy.

A senior air force official told Reuters in New Delhi that the contract between BAE and state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd would be signed in Bangalore on Wednesday.

Other business leaders visiting India as part of the British delegation include the CEOs of banking giant Barclays, infrastructure group Balfour Beatty, insurance firm Aviva and private equity firm 3i.

One industry that stands to benefit from Britain's increased economic focus on India is the civil nuclear sector.

British government sources told reporters in Bangalore that London would start granting licences to its civil nuclear firms to export to India, opening up business prospects potentially worth billions of pounds.

"VESTED INTERESTS"

Cameron's coalition government says the British economy is too dependent on the public sector. It plans to cut public spending to reduce the budget deficit, which has swollen to a peacetime record, but critics say this will worsen unemployment.

The coalition says private businesses should be the engine of growth, and one of its strategies is to focus diplomatic efforts on fast-growing emerging markets to promote trade. On his way to India, Cameron visited Turkey on a similar mission.

"In Britain, we're waking up to a new reality," he wrote in a column in Wednesday's edition of the Hindu newspaper. "Economic power is shifting -- particularly to Asia -- so Britain has to work harder than ever before to earn its living in the world. I'm not ashamed to say that's one of the reasons why I'm here in India."

In his speech in Bangalore, he challenged India to "take on vested interests" and further open up its markets.

"We want you to reduce the barriers to foreign investment in banking, insurance, defence manufacturing and legal services -- so that we can both reap the benefits," he said.

With the World Trade Organisation's Doha round of multilateral talks making little progress, Britain sees a free trade deal between the European Union and India as the next big step forward. Cameron said he was determined that such a deal should be reached before the end of the year.

The move comes days after the NSE's benchmark Nifty Index started trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). The bourse launched the future contracts on the Nifty-50 after a cross-listing agreement with NSE.

The London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) and the NSE signed a letter of intent to evaluate joint strategic business opportunities and co-operate more closely in the future, the NSE said in a statement on Wednesday.

Under the agreement, the two exchanges will explore the feasibility of an agreement, whereby FTSE Group may license the FTSE 100 Index to the NSE and the Indian bourse may license its benchmark Nifty-50 to LSEG for trading purposes.

The NSE-LSE agreement is also seen as an important move because the NSE's main rival -- the Bombay Stock Exchange -- had recently entered into a agreement for launching F&O trade on its benchmak Sensex on the Frankfurt-based Eurex.

The 30-share Sensex would be available for trading on the Eurex from October 4.

"We are confident that the letter of intent with the LSE will open up newer investment opportunities for Indian investors and expand the bouquet of investible instruments the NSE platform provides," NSE Joint MD Chitra Ramkrishna Ramkrishna said.

"We also hope to draw upon the expertise of LSE in the SME segment for the benefit of Indian SMEs and investors," she added.

The agreement was signed here by LSEG Chief Executive Xavier Rolet and NSE's Ramkrishna in the presence of UK Chancellor of Exchequer George Osbornse, who is leading a high-profile British business delegation to Mumbai.

"We are optimistic about India's remarkable growth story and feel strongly that a business relationship with India's leading stock exchange opens exciting investment opportunities for Indian investors in international companies, as well as give international investors greater opportunities to participate in India's growth," Rolet said.

FTSE 100 index comprises the 100 most highly capitalised blue chip companies incorporated in the UK, representing about 81 per cent of the UK public market's capitalisation.

There are currently two India-based companies in the FTSE 100 -- Vedanta Resources and Essar Energy.

Vedanta defends human rights record after protests

LONDON: Vedanta Resources Plc defended its human rights record on Wednesday at a shareholders' meeting where some fund managers joined pressure groups to protest over its plans to build a bauxite mine in an area sacred to indigenous people.

London-listed Vedanta denied that building a mine to extract the raw material to make aluminium in India's eastern Orissa state would harm the indigenous Dongria Kondh people.

The mining site is located in an uninhabited area so no one will be displaced, but the project will help lift the poor Kalahandi district out of poverty, Vedanta Chairman Anil Agarwal told the meeting.

"Kalahandi is one of the most underdeveloped districts in India, suffering from child malnutrition, high infant mortality rates and lack of schooling and healthcare," he said.

"We are committed and sensitive to the social and cultural aspects of the region and would do whatever is required to meet the needs of local people."

Some fund managers expressed unhappiness that Vedanta had ignored a critical review saying the firm had not followed guidelines of the OECD and called for greater independent representation on the board.

"You clearly have not engaged in the (OECD) process," said Steve Waygood, an official with asset manager Aviva Investors, part of insurer Aviva Plc.

BALANCING ACT To show its concern over the bauxite mining project and other issues with the company, Aviva before the meeting said it planned to vote against three resolutions at Vedanta's meeting, regarding the annual report and accounts, the remuneration report and the reappointment of the board member who chairs the health, safety and environment committee.

Poor countries such as India face a difficult balancing act in seeking to promote economic development while also protecting the environment and indigenous peoples, said Vedanta board member Naresh Chandra.

"It is very difficult for a hungry person to appreciate the beauty of nature," he said.

India's Environment Ministry on June 30 ordered a new panel to investigate whether Vedanta's planned mine could impact local tribes and wildlife.

A report on Vedanta submitted to the environment ministry in March said company was violating environmental guidelines and had not taken adequate consideration of the impact on the Dongria Kondh people.

Vedanta has also been criticised for the collapse last year of a chimney at a power plant owned by a subsidiary that killed around 40 people.

The vice president of Vedanta's Bharat Aluminium Co and two other officials were charged with homicide.

WB surrender-cum-rehabilitation package for Naxals

The West Bengal government today announced a surrender-cum-rehabilitation package for Left-Wing Extremists (LWEs) which would come into immediate effect in the state.

DGP Bhupinder Singh announcing the package said an official notification in this regard had been issued today.

The package, which was briefly mentioned on June 17 by state Chief Secretary Ardhendu Sen, was today notified with full details accepting the guidelines forwarded by the Union Home Ministry.

Giving details of the package, Singh said that LWEs or Maoists willing to surrender would be offered Rs 2,000 each per month for a period of three years. They would also be given vocational training in a trade of their choice.

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Simultaneously, the state government would make a fixed deposit of Rs 1.5 lakh for each of the surrendered for a period of three years.

If any surrendered extremist showed good conduct, he would be handed over the maturity amount after three years.

They can also take loans for doing business before the maturity of the fixed deposit by keeping the accumulated amount as security, the DGP said.

As per the package, Rs 25,000 would be given for surrender of a machine gun, Rs 15,000 for an AK-47 and Rs 10,000 for a satellite-phone, Rs 3,000 each for a revolver and a landmine and Rs 1,000 for explosives per kg, Singh said. The DGP said that the extremists could give themselves up before a DM, an SP or some other senior officials in the Maoist-affected districts.

The ADG and IG-level officials would monitor the rehabilitation package, Singh said.

The package also offers certain benefits for Maoist sympathisers if they surrender. If any sympathiser commits any heinous crime, he will have to go through judicial procedure, while a small crime will be reviewed for consideration.

The cases of those who are in police custody with minor charges would be considered for release on bail if they wished to return to mainstream, the DGP said.

But the released would be kept under watch and they would be properly rehabilitated if good behaviour were maintained.

The package offers would be circulated in all Maoist- affected areas in Alchiki and Bengali languages, Singh said.

The DGP claimed that locals had been increasingly turning away from the Left Wing Extremists in the affected areas like Binpur and Radhanagar in West Midnapore district.

He emphasised that security forces would remain alert in the Maoist-affected districts of West Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia irrespective of the surrender package.

Measures for socio-economic development of the Maoist- affected areas had already been initiated by the government, the DGP added.

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UK's Osborne urges India to open up financial services

28 Jul 2010, 1340 hrs IST,REUTERS
MUMBAI: British finance minister George Osborne called on Wednesday for India to speed up the opening of its financial services market and said that he wanted to see completion of a free-trade agreement with Europe by early 2011.

In a speech in Mumbai, Osborne said that greater Anglo-Indian cooperation would bring benefits for both sides and announced that India's Exim Bank will be granted a licence to operate in Britain and the State Bank of India would base its European headquarters in London.

Ten weeks since taking office, Osborne came to Mumbai this week as part of Britain's biggest trade delegation in modern times. He will join Prime Minister David Cameron and a host of other ministers and businessmen in Delhi later on Wednesday as Britain's new coalition government pulls out all the stops to foster a new special relationship with its former colony.

"The UK has a vital stake in India's rise to global power and prosperity and we are here to listen and to learn, to find out how our strong relationship can grow stronger still," Osborne said. He said this would involve boosting trade links, better cooperation between financial services industries and a better recognition of common goals in the international policy arena.

Osborne would clearly like to see India do more to open up its giant market to financial firms. "Standard Chartered, HSBC and RBS are three of the top four foreign retail banks in India," he said. "Offer them licences in the medium-sized towns and smaller cities and they will jump at the opportunity to be part of the huge effort to bring modern banking services to millions more Indians."

He also called on the Indian government to make good on its commitment to raise the foreign direct investment cap on insurance companies to 49 percent from the current 26 percent. Osborne also said that more needed to be done to complete the European Union-India free-trade agreement.

"Negotiations are now entering their fourth year. We need to provide the leadership to complete the free trade agreement by early next year," he said.

Exports from special economic zone zoomed 121%

In sharp contrast to the slowdown in India's external trade last fiscal, exports from special economic zones (SEZs) grew by a whopping 121.4 percent, the commerce ministry said Wednesday.

Exports from SEZs during 2009-10 stood at Rs.2,20,711.39 crore ($49 billion). India's total exports during the same period was down 4.7 per cent at $176.5 billion.

During the first quarter of the current fiscal, SEZ exports have touched Rs.58,685.46 crore, an over 68 per cent growth compared to corresponding period of the previous fiscal.

"As on June 30, an investment of Rs. 1,66,526 crore has been made in SEZs and direct employment for 5,50,323 persons have been generated," Minister of State for Commerce Jyotiraditya Scindia said in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha.

Before formation of SEZs was formalised and incentivised, the central government ran seven SEZs and state governments and the private sector set up 12 such zones.

"Since the SEZ Act 2005, formal approval has been accorded to 576 proposals out of which 358 SEZs have been notified. A total of 114 SEZs are already exporting," Scindia added.

Promise kept, RBI guv gets big role in super-regulator

28 Jul 2010, 0213 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: The government has incorporated a few provisions aimed at providing comfort to regulators in the financial sector, especially the Reserve Bank of India on the issue of autonomy, in the Bill which will replace an ordinance issued in June to settle a turf war between Sebi and IRDA.

The new clauses have been built in the legislation, Securities and Insurance Laws (Amendment) and Validation, Bill 2010, which was introduced in the Lok Sabha on Tuesday after the Reserve Bank of India protested against what it perceived as attempts to undermine its autonomy.

In June, the government issued an ordinance to settle a turf issue over regulation of Unit Linked Insurance Plans or ULIPs in favour of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India. But through the ordinance, the government sought to put in place a dispute resolution mechanism, headed by the finance minister to settle issues on supervision of hybrid products. This was a sore point with the RBI and the government has now addressed its concerns by making the governor of the central bank as the vice-chairperson — a notch above other regulatory chiefs.

More importantly, the Bill says that the new joint committee will be the arbiter of last resort. This along with the provision that the joint committee will be the final recourse for regulators to sort out any issues relating to oversight of hybrid products should make the legislation more acceptable.

The joint resolution committee which will be chaired by the finance minister will now have the RBI governor as the vice chairman besides the secretary, department of economic affairs as a member.

Only the four regulators – RBI, Sebi, insurance watchdog IRDA and pension regulator PFRDA – will be able to bring a dispute to the joint committee limiting the role of the government in regulatory spats. What this means is that in case of any differences, regulators will have to first try and settle it among themselves after which it would be referred to the High Level Coordination Committee on Financial Markets headed by the RBI governor. If the HLCCFM also fails to find a resolution, it can be referred to the joint committee.

"In order to address the differences of opinion among certain statutory regulators which may arise in future, it was felt necessary to set up a joint mechanism..." Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said in a statement explaining the rationale behind the government decision to issue the ordinance. In the new scenario, the government will not step in on its own after taking note of differences between regulators. Rather, these regulators will have to flag it.

RBI Governor D Subbarao, who had gone public on the bank's opposition to the ordinance, declined to comment on the bill. "On the Ulip bill I do not want to comment on it at this stage. You have all read about it and written about it that is all that is there to it," Mr Subbarao said.

India yet to get sense of 'new' relationship idea

Sandeep Dikshit
During delegation-level talks on Thursday, New Delhi will try to understand what British Prime Minister David Cameron means by a "new special relationship" with India.
"Yes, we have seen reports and are aware of the intention of the Government of U.K. to have a 'new special relationship' with India. I guess the [delegation-level] discussions will naturally throw light on what these terms mean. So, we will have to wait till tomorrow [Thursday] for the joint press interaction by the two Prime Ministers," Joint Secretary (Europe Western) T.P. Seetharam told newspersons here on Wednesday.
The term was first used by Mr. Cameron when he visited India earlier. It has since become part of the coalition document in the U.K. He has also used the term 'enhanced partnership' and amplified on both expressions in his article in The Hindu.
That the U.K. is making a big effort to push Mr. Cameron's maiden visit to the front pages is evident by the largest-ever delegation accompanying him.The Indian community in the U.K., close to three per cent of the population, is well assimilated and has eight Members in the House of Commons and 22 in the House of Lords. The country hosts over 30,000 Indian students, the second biggest foreign student body.
Bilateral trade has surged and the U.K. is the fourth largest investor in India. On the flip side, Indian companies have been actively investing in the U.K. and are now the second largest investors in London.
But on the political side there are differences in dealing with Afghanistan, with India coming away with a sore feeling from the recent London conference. The two sides also hold divergent views on Myanmar.
Accompanied by an impressive array of dons from premier British universities, London is looking at education projects on the back of a five-year programme whose long term aim was to become "each other's partner of choice in education."
In the nuclear energy, the civil nuclear liability bill is of peripheral interest since British companies would at best supply components to majors such as GE, Westinghouse and Areva who will be setting up turnkey plants in India.
The military contract signed in Bangalore on Wednesday is worth over $1 billion and in the big ticket category.
Keywords: India, Britain, David Cameron, new relationship, delegation-level talks

Slideshow

Day in pictures, July 28, 2010
A crash claims 152 lives in Islamabad, the British Prime Minister woos India, tax payers rush to file their returns, London pedals wheels of change, Sehwag loses his wicket at 99. A selection of images from India and around the world
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Slideshow

David Cameron in Bangalore
The British Prime Minister arrived in Bangalore on Tuesday night, and spent Wednesday in the Infosys campus located in Electronic City before visiting Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
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Govt gives more powers to panel probing Vedanta project

Supported by favourable opinion from the Attorney General, the Environment Ministry has given more powers to its panel probing into the impacts of and legal issues concerning the Vedanta mining project in Orissa.

The ministry has amended the scope of the work of the four-member panel headed by National Advisory Council (NAC) member N C Saxena, empowering it to "investigate and ascertain status of implementation of Forest Rights Act 2006 in and around the proposed areas of the project."

The widening of the panel's scope came after AG G E Vahanvati opined that the Supreme Court nod to Vedanta Resources' bauxite mining project in Niyamgiri does not bind the Environment Ministry to give an automatic clearance to it, and that the project must be approved only on "merits".

The AG gave his opinion after the ministry referred the issue to him asking whether it is within its rights to examine if the project involving bauxite mining on about 660 hectares of forest land is proceeding as per the law.

Comprising S Parasuraman from Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Promode Kant and Amita Baviskar -- both from Institute of Economic Growth, the panel has also been given a free hand "to enquire or investigate any issue which the members might feel necessary for the purpose of their report."

The other fresh mandates of the panel include "investigation of likely physical and economic displacement due to the project including the "resource development" of forest users and the rehabilitation plan.

The panel has also been asked to investigate likely impact on the bio-diversity, wildlife and the ecology of the land, and on cultural and social lives of the members of the Dongria Kondh primitive tribal group residing there.

The Saxena panel was formed last month following a report by a three-member committee which alleged "violation" of forest laws as well rights of the primitive tribal groups by Vedanta. The company denies the charges.

Vedanta's plan to mine bauxite for its alumina refinery in the state has been facing hurdles since 2005 after protests by the local tribals who fear losing their homes and livelihood due to the project.

Govt nods Lafarge mining in Meghalaya

27 Jul 2010, 0639 hrs IST,Dhananjay Mahapatra,TNN
NEW DELHI: The ministry of forests and environment (MoEF) on Monday told the Supreme Court that Lafarge Umiam could resume limestone mining in Meghalaya under the revised Conservation Plan and it had to pay up to Rs 130 crore towards afforestation and development of tribal area around the mines.

Asked by the SC on April 26 to conduct fresh environmental impact studies given the strong reservation towards mining by the Shella Village Committee, the MoEF filed an affidaivt in the SC through counsel Harish Beeran brightening the prospect of resumption of supply of limestone to the French multinational's cement plant, which had been stayed since February 5.

The ministry said Lafarge Umiam had to pay up Rs 72.66 crores at 9% interest from April 1, 2007 towards the adhoc CAMPA, which would work out to Rs 88 crores. In addition, it had to pay the government of Meghalaya Rs 90 per tonne of limestone mined from the state since 2007, which would work out to around Rs 45 crores.

On April 26, the SC had asked the MoEF to conduct fresh environmental impact assessment and Lafarge to firm up plans for protection of biodiversity and the soil in addition to what was already promised by the multinational.

Attorney General G E Vahanvati had said that the Lafarge would be forced to adhere to all environmental conditions imposed by the court in addition to it agreeing to pay a huge sum. The Centre had been pleading for permission to resume mining as non-supply of raw material has put Bangladesh's largest cement plant on the verge of closure.

The AG had said: "India is facing a piquant situation diplomatically. It has got a friendly regime in the neighbouring country after 25 years and the apex court should understand the sensitivities involved as the neighbour had been accusing India of big brotherly attitude. I am not saying Lafarge will be allowed to operate without adhering to the conditions."

Added to this, the mining company has to pay Rs 90 per tonne of the mined minerals since the commencement of mining, which would amount to Rs 45 crores and help set up an SPV for the development of health, education, economy, irrigation and agriculture in the project area solely for the local community and welfare of tribals.

DLF, Unitech, Emaar & Ansal plan to launch Rs 2 cr plus homes

27 Jul 2010, 0450 hrs IST,Paramita Chatterjee,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: Yet another piece of the real estate market appears to be getting back in shape. After realtors focused on the affordable housing space, where demand remained reasonable when market prices crashed two years ago, they are now launching luxury homes as the segment is witnessing early signals of an upswing in demand.

Sensing this turnaround, a host of property developers including DLF, Unitech, Emaar MGF and Ansal API are gearing up to launch plush housing projects, where a single unit costs upwards of Rs 2 crore, over the next six months.

"Now that the job market is looking up, consumers are once again regaining the confidence to put money in swank projects," said Shravan Gupta, executive vice-chairman and managing director at Emaar MGF.

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The Delhi-based property developer plans to launch around 2,000 upscale units over the next six months across cities such as Gurgaon, Hyderabad, Punjab, Bangalore and Kerala.

Unitech, the country's second-largest builder, which had focused on affordable housing space, too plans to launch a few luxury projects to target high-end home buyers. Unitech spokesperson said it has a few projects in the works in the luxury housing segment located in the national capital region.
India-Britain ties, mind the gap

July 28, 2010
First Published: 23:39 IST(28/7/2010)
Last Updated: 23:40 IST(28/7/2010)
David Cameron's over-the-horizon strategic thinking on India is viewed as both visionary and consistent. India was the first country he visited after becoming Conservative leader in Britain in 2006. He appreciated then what many were still reluctant to embrace: global power was shifting
fundamentally away from the dominance of the developed, industrialised West.
"India, one of the great civilisations of the world, is truly great again," he wrote four years ago. "So this is India's time. For most of the past half century, we in the West have assumed that we set the pace and we set the global agenda. Well, now we must wake up to a new reality. We have to share global leadership with India, and with China."
Cameron's appreciation then is British government policy now.
The Conservative election manifesto three months ago also found space to promise specifically establishing "a new special relationship" with India. That commitment had a place among the bleak policy options for a Britain that confronted having to take severe measures to pull itself out of recession and massive debt.
Less than three weeks after the British election in May, Queen Elizabeth read to the State opening of her new parliament in Westminster this single, sharp line
that confirmed the policy of the new Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government: "My government looks forward to an enhanced partnership with India."
So two Cameron phrases: "Special relationship" and "Enhanced partnership". Special? Enhanced? What might the difference be? The political commitment for new British relations with India in those four words must now find shape and direction that can somehow secure achievement. There is not much time to achieve it. Neither is there great clarity on what form it will take.
Like Cameron's intriguing but shapeless British election promise of a new 'Big Society' earlier this year, there is now an overarching expectation for India. But an achievable ambition and meaning must now be defined for those two alluring phrases. Both in Britain and here in India, official and unofficial sources give 10 Downing Street's ambitions a fair wind. Yet there is also diplomatic head-scratching, plus an understandable caution laced with scepticism.
In London the current Britain-India relationship is one of 'under-achievement' that has gone off the boil, partly because of the negative legacy left by the previous Labour government over Kashmir and diplomatic style. It is like a "long-standing marriage where there is a need to inject more excitement and ambition". The aspiration must be a "newer and even deeper relationship".
In Delhi, I have heard warm official appreciation for Britain from senior political voices like those of the Union Transport and Highways Minister Kamal Nath, and Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit. Even with the new cacophony of fast-growing international attention from the US, Russia, France, Japan, Canada and many other countries, they volunteered to me that Britain still has a 'special' place. And it is nothing to do with being the ex-colonial power. I have heard under 30s here describe how Britain now has 'special' resonance with India's next generation for a host of reasons. But that is not apparently matched in Britain.
Cameron's India focus seven days after visiting President Barack Obama in the White House is not bringing with him even a measurable minority of Brits. The leading think-tank, Chatham House, is undertaking an ongoing appraisal of Britain's new place in the world. It commissioned polling on the host of foreign policy initiatives from the new coalition government. Despite the Cameron determination, it discovered apparent indifference on India. The British public is not that interested.
In two separate British samples of both the general public and elite 'movers and shakers', the idea of an 'enhanced partnership' with India found little interest. YouGov concluded two weeks ago: "The poll shows ambivalence from the general public, with a low score in both positive and negative perceptions of the country." But Cameron wants his initiative of bringing senior ministers and 90 leading businessmen with him to fan out to several leading Indian cities to start what must be a long, determined re-asserting of a new British relationship with India.
As one diplomatic source said, two days will only lay a foundation stone here. Meanwhile, the imagination back home of a British public coming to terms with the new realities of economic austerity will somehow have to be fired up. Britain must sustain its new efforts for India in parallel with many other nations. It, too, recognises its vital need to adjust and realign itself with India's new economic and political power.
The simultaneous red carpet treatment given by India this week for a five-day State visit by the reclusive leader of Burma's junta General Than Shwe underscores the variety of foreign policy priorities for India. Within weeks, Presidents Obama, Medvedev and Sarkozy will be here. Like Cameron, each will reinforce the US, Russian and French claims for a new place in India's attentions. The British challenge is to ensure Delhi remembers London's calling card, along with the hopes and promises.
Why? Because other leaders will be leaving their own cards just as loudly and hopefully. And they will do it not long after the Cameron entourage has boarded its British Airways jumbo jet within sight of Indira Gandhi International's sparkling, newly- opened Terminal 3, and returned home.      
Nik Gowing is Presenter, The Hub, BBC World News.
The views expressed by the author are personal
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-Britain-ties-mind-the-gap/Article1-579171.aspx
Britain can't force sportsperson to participate in CWG: Sports secy
Indo-Asian News Service
New Delhi, July 28, 2010
First Published: 21:37 IST(28/7/2010)
Last Updated: 22:35 IST(28/7/2010)
British sports and culture secretary Jeremy Hunt said on Wednesday that his government cannot force his country's sportspersons to participate in October's Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Hunt's comments come a day after Australia's world no.5 tennis player Samantha Stosur pulled out of the Games

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citing WTA commitments.
Reacting to Suresh Kalmadi, chairman of Commonwealth Games organising committee's plea to all British athletes to participate in the Oct 3-14 Games, Hunt said: "We don't have control over what our athletes feel to do. But we are going back with a strong message and we will encourage British athletes to come to the Commonwealth Games."
Hunt, however, was impressed with the arrangements. Commonwealth Games England (CGE) is sending a team of 560 athletes for the Commonwealth Games and the squad is bigger than the one for the 2006 Melbourne Games.
"We're impressed by the attention being paid to detail. Sixty-four days is not a long time, which makes this attention to detail more impressive," said Hunt, who is part of the delegation of visiting British Prime Minister David Cameron.
Hunt along with Sebastian Coe, chairman of London Olympic Games organising committee, former athletes Steve Redgrave and Kelly Holmes, who is also the president of the CGE, were given a presentation by the organising committee on Delhi's preparedness for the Commonwealth Games.
"We have in our delegation three of the best British athletes in Lord Sebastian Coe, Sir Steve Redgrave and Dame Kelly Holmes, which goes to prove that we are serious about stronger sporting ties with India, ties that go beyond cricket," Hunt said.
Hunt said that the Commonwealth Games, will be a big stepping stone for India in bidding for bigger sporting events in future.
"The 2002 Manchester Commonwealth Games were a big stepping stone for us for the 2012 Olympics. We hope that the 2010 Games in New Delhi will be a similar step for India. It is a big gap that India have not hosted the Olympic Games," he said.
Hunt also hoped that Commonwealth Games will leave a long lasting legacy for India.
"We're heavily involved in London 2012 Olympics and looking to leave a lasting sporting legacy. We hope that the Commonwealth Games 2010 also leave something to inspire the younger generation in India," he said.
Kalmadi promised the delegation that Delhi will stage a fantastic Commonwealth Games.
"We assure you all of a fantastic Commonwealth Games. We also promise you great opening and closing ceremonies. The Games will be a fantastic cultural extravaganza," Kalmadi said.
"Our infrastructure will be world class. The Dhyan Chand National Hockey Stadium is the best in the world, and this has been acknowledged by Leandro Negre, President of the International Hockey Federation. All the stadia are fantastic and we have a Games Village that's even better than that at the Beijing Olympics," Kalmadi said.

No faults in 2010 Commonwealth Games stadiums: M S Gill

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Jat protesters threaten to disrupt CW Games

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Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium inaugurated for Commonwealth Games

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Pakistan won't recall Abbas for Commonwealth Games

Times of India - ‎10 hours ago‎
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New markings on MCD roads upgraded for CW Games in south Delhi

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Govt cautious about PSUs sponsoring CW Games

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CVC finds irregularities in many Commonwealth Games projects

Hindustan Times - ‎5 minutes ago‎
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Queen's Baton Relay to reach Hisar on Sept 26

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Gowda main attraction in Asian All-Star Athletics

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Diver hurt at Commonwealth Games swimming complex

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16 lifters send letter to IWF backing Malhotra

Times of India - ‎8 hours ago‎
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Now, Stosur pulls out of the Games

Hindustan Times - ‎Jul 27, 2010‎
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Games works:After promising rewards, CM threatens blacklisting

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Govt to lease out C'Wealth Games stadia!

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Commonwealth Express chugs into Kharagpur

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RIL likely to post best net growth in past 10 quarters

27 Jul 2010, 0711 hrs IST,Ramkrishna Kashelkar,ET Bureau

The country's largest company by market capitalisation Reliance Industries (RIL) is expected to repeat its March 2010 quarter performance when it publishes its June 2010 quarter numbers on Tuesday.

The numbers will, however, look fabulous against the lacklustre June 2009 numbers with the y-o-y net profit growth pegged between 29% and 34% by various brokerages. If the analyst expectations come true, RIL's net profit growth will be the best in the past 10 quarters.

A bulk of the expected profit growth will be driven by volumes and margins are expected to remain under pressure for RIL. The company's refining business, which contributed nearly 70% to its revenues and 30% to FY10 profits, is expected to suffer from the weakness in the gross refining margins (GRMs).

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"The Singapore GRMs have averaged lower this quarter at $3.7 per barrel against $4.9 per barrel in Q4FY10. The refinery utilisations rates have improved in this quarter leading to a q-o-q drop in the Singapore complex GRMs," noted Elara Securities. Even the most lenient predictions peg RIL's June quarter GRM at $8 per barrel, only marginally better than $7.5 of the year ago period.

The petrochemicals business, representing less than one-fourth of the company's revenues last year, is also expected to face margin pressure. "The prices of key polymer products witnessed a decline in the range of 3-4% on a sequential basis as compared to the 1.3% sequential decline recorded in the naptha prices," mentioned Sharekhan's results preview note.

The higher decline in the petroleum product prices compared to the drop in the raw material prices is expected to pull down the petrochemical margins. Considering the increased supply from petrochemical capacity additions in the Middle East and China, the margins are likely to remain under pressure.

The main booster to the company's profits will come from E&P business, as the KG basin continues to produce at nearly 60 MMSCMD of natural gas and 30,000 barrels per day of oil. Despite predicting a strong double-digit profit growth, not all brokerages are positive on the company's performance, going forward.

"Our near-term view on the refining and petrochemical cycle is bearish and we believe this could adversely impact margins of RIL and other refiners," mentioned Motilal Oswal's results preview note.

The cyclical weakness in the global refining and petrochemicals industries had so far not touched RIL's numbers due to its expanded capacities. The scaling up of its gas production also supported the bottomline as the times tunred difficult. However, going forward, the base effect will come into play and a pressure on margins could dampen its profit growth.

Home Ministry asks Naxal-hit states, Rlys to tighten security

The Home Ministry has asked Naxal-hit states and Railway authorities to tighten security in public places and properties to foil any attempt by Maoists to strike during the 'martyrs week' beginning today. In an advisory to West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Maharahstra, the Home Ministry asked them to deploy additional security personnel in sensitive and public places to deal with any subversive attempt by the extremists. The MHA also asked the Railway Ministry to ensure proper security to trains and passengers travelling through Naxal- affected states and deploy additional guards in bridges and railway stations. The advisory has been sent in the wake of the CPI(Maoists) observing 'martyrs week' from today to August 3. The ultras have killed at least 100 policemen in Chhattisgarh since April and derailed an express train in West Bengal that claimed the lives of nearly 150 people. According to an estimate, about 40,000 sq km areas in Naxal-affected states are under the control of Maoists. Naxal violence has claimed the lives of over 10,000 civilians and security personnel in the last five years. Out of a total of 10,268 casualties between 2005 and May this year, 2,372 deaths have been reported in 2009 as against 1,769 in 2008 and 1,737 in 2007.

India yet to get sense of 'new' relationship idea The Hindu - Sandeep Dikshit - ‎54 minutes ago‎ During delegation-level talks on Thursday, New Delhi will try to understand what British Prime Minister David Cameron means by a "new special relationship" with India. "Yes, we have seen reports and are aware of the intention of the Government of UK to ... India-Britain ties, mind the gap Hindustan Times - ‎49 minutes ago‎ David Cameron's over-the-horizon strategic thinking on India is viewed as both visionary and consistent. India was the first country he visited after becoming Conservative leader in Britain in 2006. He appreciated then what many were still reluctant to ... Cameron wants India to help UK tide over economic woes Daily News & Analysis - Praveena Sharma - ‎33 minutes ago‎ Bangalore: British prime minister David Cameron wants to drive his country out of the "global economic carnage" that has ravaged Western economies over the past few years. And he is looking towards India for this. On the first day of his three-day ... "India, one of the great civilisations of the world, is truly great again," he wrote four years ago. "So this is India's time. For most of the past half century, we in the West have assumed that we set the pace and we set the global agenda. Well, now we must wake up to a new reality. We have to share global leadership with India, and with China." more by David Cameron - 49 minutes ago - Hindustan Times (37 occurrences) Britannica redux Hindustan Times - ‎9 minutes ago‎ British Prime Minister David Cameron wants an "enhanced relationship" with India. It would be more accurate to talk about a revived relationship. In the old New Delhi-London equation, Britain was the benchmark for all things Western for all Indians. ... Mr Cameron has not been afraid to speak his mind his early forays abroad BBC News - ‎1 hour ago‎ Hurtling through the streets of Bangalore there are plenty of unexpected obstacles that can cause you to veer off course, whether a bus, a tuk tuk, a speeding moped, or even a cow. And in the last 24 hours David Cameron has caused a couple of ... British PM rules out mediation on Kashmir Economic Times - ‎1 hour ago‎ NEW DELHI: A day before he holds talks here, British Prime Minister David Cameron Wednesday ruled out any bid by Britain to mediate on the Kashmir dispute and stressed that it was for India and Pakistan to settle the issue. "I don't think Britain is a ... Cameron arrives to revive trade Hindustan Times - ‎1 hour ago‎ Prime Minister David Cameron will meet his Indian counterpart Manmohan Singh on Thursday in their first official meeting in India to boost Indo-UK trade ties in the backdrop of a steep slump on the British side of the equation. ... India, Britain to sign MoU on culture Thursday Hindustan Times - ‎1 hour ago‎ India and Britain on Thursday will sign an understanding on culture among other pacts after talks between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his visiting British counterpart David Cameron. "You will be surprised to know that after all these years ... British PM kicks off India visit Sydney Morning Herald - Naseeb Chand - ‎48 minutes ago‎ British Prime Minister David Cameron kicked off a trade-focused visit to India on Wednesday with a warning to neighbouring Pakistan against promoting the "export of terror." Speaking to reporters after a speech pitching for investment and open trade ... Cameron warns Pakistan against export of terror Indian Express - ‎2 hours ago‎ British PM David Cameron warned Pakistan against promoting any 'export of terror', whether to India or elsewhere. Sending a "very clear message" to Pakistan, British Prime Minister David Cameron today warned that country against promoting any "export ... All 1,559 related articles »

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Gill happy with Games projects' pace, Delhi minister worried

Youth Affairs and Sports Minister M.S. Gill Wednesday said stadia being built by the central government for the Commonwealth Games will be ready on time, while a Delhi minister raised doubts over a project in east Delhi meeting the Aug 31 deadline.
Gill, commenting outside Parliament on the Games-related works, sounded confident that all the arrangements for the mega event were going on smoothly.
'There are no faults or leakages in any of the completed stadia. The architecture and the engineering used for the Commonwealth Games is one of a kind and used first time in India. The workers that are seen outside the stadia are just fine tuning the fittings,' he said.
At the same time, speaking after inspecting the Yamuna Sports Complex Wednesday morning, Delhi Finance Minister A.K. Walia said the work at the site was behind schedule.
'There is a lot of work pending and much effort is needed to be put in... The way the work is going on, I doubt that by Aug 31 we will be able to complete (the work),' Walia, who is also a member of the Delhi government' Commonwealth Games coordination committee, told reporters.
He instructed the agencies to take up various works simultaneously.
With just over two months left for the Oct 3-14 Games, works at various stadia and on city roads as part of a beautification drive are still continuing.
Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit has already set Aug 31 as the deadline for final completion of the Games projects so that finishing touches could be given in September.

New IIITs to come up under public-private partnership

With vocational training high on the Human Resource Development Ministry's agenda, government has decided to set up new Indian Institutes of Information Technologies under the public-private partnership (PPP) mode.
'The government of India has a scheme of setting up new IIITs under PPP mode,' Minister of State in the HRD ministry D. Purandeswari said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha Wednesday.
'The scheme is yet to be approved by the cabinet. The location and other details of the new IIITs will depend upon the schemes finally approved,' the minister added.
At present, India has four IIITs at Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh), Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu).

National News

                                                             
   

Essay competition on city history for schoolkids

    IANS - 12:04 AM
New Delhi, July 29 (IANS) In a bid to encourage interest in history among children, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) and Fox History and Entertainment have launched an essay competition on the historical and cultural traditions of their city for schoolchildren.
   

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NATIONAL

President is coming
Indo-US 'deliverables' talks during Obama's visit

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Indians abroad
Indians in Great Britain to double by 2051

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Struggle for paradis...
Kashmiris youths growing up in the midst of war

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Everest traffic jam
Here comes the India's youngest Everest hero

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Time's list
Sachin Tendulkar ranks 13th in the list of 25

NATIONAL

Fashion for freshers
Tips on how to dress for your first day in college
       

NATIONAL

President is coming
Indo-US 'deliverables' talks during Obama's visit

NATIONAL

Indians abroad
Indians in Great Britain to double by 2051
   
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General

• West Bengal announces surrender policy for MaoistsIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Kolkata, July 28 (IANS) The West Bengal government Wednesday announced a surrender-cum-rehabilitation policy for the Maoist guerrillas with immediate effect.
• Nun only had swelling on face: Doc deposes in Kandhamal casePTI - Wed, Jul 28
• Cuttack, Jul 28 (PTI) A doctor who first treated a nun of the Baliguda Catholic Church after she was allegedly assaulted and raped during Kandhamal riots in 2008, today told a court here that she had only complained of swelling on her face.
• Raj HC orders CBI probe into re-insurance of govt planePTI - Wed, Jul 28
• Jaipur, Jul 28 (PTI) The Rajasthan High Court today ordered a CBI probe into alleged irregularities committed in the re-insurance of a state government plane in 2007.
• CBI summons former Guj DGP for questioning in Sohrabuddin casePTI - Wed, Jul 28
• Ahmdabad, Jul 28 (PTI) CBI has summoned former Gujarat DGP P C Pandey for questioning in connection with Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter killing case.
• Punjab Cong demands CBI inquiry into rotting of foodgrainsPTI - Wed, Jul 28
• Chandigarh, Jul 28 (PTI) The Punjab unit of Congress today demanded a CBI probe into the rotting of foodgains in the state.

Politics

• Orissa examines textbook after protest by JMMIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Bhubaneswar/Ranchi, July 28 (IANS) The Orissa government Wednesday said it is examining complaints over allegedly objectionable remark about the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) in a state text book, a decision that followed protests by the party.
• Persons close to Maya involved in attack on Nandi: SPIE - Wed, Jul 28
• Alleging involvement of persons close to Chief Minister Mayawati on the attack on UP minister Nand Gopal Gupta "Nandi", the Samajwadi Party on Wednesday said this was the main reason the state government was shying away from recommending a CBI probe into the matter.
• Gadkari slams Congress-led Govt. for rising inflationANI - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 (ANI): Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) President Nitin Gadkari on Wednesday hit out at the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government on inflation and rotting stocks of foodgrains in the country.
• Pakistan plane crashes, all 152 on board deadReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• A Pakistani passenger plane crashed in heavy rain near Islamabad on Wednesday, killing all 152 people on board, officials said, in the worst aviation accident in Pakistan.
• Uttar Pradesh official's remark raises political stormIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Lucknow, July 28 (IANS) Opposition parties in Uttar Pradesh Wednesday demanded action against a district magistrate (DM) who allegedly made some controversial remarks during a meeting to review a housing scheme for poor.

Features

• Book Talk: Coorg inspires debut novel from Indian financierReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• When private equity professional Sarita Mandanna set out to write a novel, it seemed natural to set it in the forests of Coorg, a region in southern India the British colonialists called the "Scotland of India.
• Queen's photos go online at FlickrReuters - Sun, Jul 25
• Buckingham Palace said on Sunday it has launched an account with online photo management site Flickr.
• Man and woman? You're a double-deckerHT - Sun, Jul 25
• India, July 24 -- The predominantly Catholic Argentina became the first Latin American country to allow gay marriages last week.
• Wibberley mom and son riding high in IndiaHT - Sun, Jul 25
• New Delhi, July 24 -- "Give me a moment to watch my son ride," says a polite Linda Wibberley, watching 19-year-old cyclist Benjamin swing by on his bike.
• 'I'm happy it is a philosophical and scientific breakthrough'HT - Sun, Jul 25
• India, July 24 -- On May 20 this year, world-renowned scientist Dr J Craig Venter and his team made history by synthetically creating a living, self-replicating cell for the first time.

Crime

• 8 Maoists killed in 2 operationsHT - Tue, Jul 27
• Midnapore, July 26 -- Joint forces of the central and state governments killed eight Maoists in two separate operations in West Bengal and Jharkhand on Monday.
• Assam rebel ambush kills 4 SSB jawansHT - Tue, Jul 27
• Guwahati:, July 26 -- Four jawans of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) were killed and two injured in an ambush by a suspected tribal militant group on Monday afternoon.
• After losing minor 'brother', he wonders how to face parentsHT - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 26 -- The bloodstains on Pankaj Kumar Yadav's clothes had dried by Monday afternoon but the horror of the previous night and the disappointment thereafter were still fresh in the 24-year-old's eyes.
• Goons sabotage car, stalk owner, rob him 5 km awayHT - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 26 -- The city's crooks have become smarter and more methodical. A gang of enterprising, bike borne assailants sabotaged a 30 year old businessman's vehicle, followed him around for over five kilometers and robbed him while he was away looking for a mechanic in north Delhi on Saturday night.
• Speeding luxury car kills fourHT - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 26 -- Four labourers, including a 14-year-old boy, were killed and other four grievously injured when a speeding Honda City crushed them in an accident on early Monday.

National News

       

   

Take Tata logo off game: HC advises Greenpeace

FE - Wed, Jul 28
Hearing a Rs 10-crore defamation suit filed by Tata Sons against environmental NGOs Greenpeace India and Greenpeace International, the Delhi High Court "advised" Greenpeace to consider removing Tata's logo from a game which the company has alleged as "disparaging" and "libelous".
       
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•             Baswani dead, jolt to movie sequel FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Earlier this month, Kundan Shah, Naseerudin Shah and Ravi Baswani met after a long gap for coffee. The winning combination of the 1983 classic, Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron, wanted to make a sequel. Now, the plan is stalled. For, Baswani is no more.
•        
•             Officer who quit IAS to tour India dies FE - Wed, Jul 28
• P G Tenzing, the Kerala-cadre IAS officer who quit his job to go on a 25,320-km motorcycle ride across India, died of cancer in his hometown Gangtok on Monday.
•        
•             No evidence against me, says Keshub Mahindra FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Industrialist Keshub Mahindra has challenged his conviction in the Bhopal gas tragedy case saying the prosecution's only evidence against him was that he was the non-executive director and non-executive chairman of Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) at the time of the incident.
•        
•             Agents of change FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Mainstream economics has always had its dissidents. But the discipline's failure to predict the financial crisis has made the ground especially fertile for a rethink.
•        
•             In age of gadgets, French paper tries to woo kids FE - Wed, Jul 28
• When Elisa Cammarota gets home from school, she tosses off her knapsack and reads her newspaper from front to back.
•        
•             Report card FE - Wed, Jul 28
• This paper* suggests that performances vary from one regional cooperation agreement to another because the underlying forces that characterise and influence the arrangements vary as well.
•        
•             Letters to the editor FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Apropos of the editorial 'Digital dividend' (FE, July 26), a laptop at an affordable price is definitely a way of getting India educated.
•        
•             Both Houses adjourned as Oppn insists on vote on price rise FE - Wed, Jul 28
• The entire Opposition paralysed both Houses of Parliament today to press for the suspension of Question Hour and a debate on price rise under the rules providing for voting.
•        
•             Pre-owned car segment 1.1 times bigger than new ones FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Mahindra & Mahindra is betting big on the used-car segment. Rajeev Dubey, president (HR-after-market & corporate services) and member of the group executive board at M&M spoke to FE's Ronojoy Banerjee on how the company is looking at increasing the number of used-car outlets across the country.
•        
•             The Idea Awards FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Big changes usually start out with small, out-of-the-box initiatives focussed on improving people's lives.
•        
•             Stop subsidised grain to APL families: SC to govt FE - Wed, Jul 28
• Expressing concern over tonnes of foodgrain rotting in the open, the Supreme Court on Tuesday asked the Centre to consider disbanding subsidised grains distributed to Above Poverty Line (APL) families and instead restrict the facility only to Below Poverty Line (BPL) populace.
•        
•             Quick View FE - Tue, Jul 27
• 'No new recession, let tax cuts die' The economy is not likely to slip back into recession but letting tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans expire is necessary to show commitment to cutting budget deficits, treasury secretary Timothy Geithner said on Sunday.
•        
•             NGOs to check credibility of data on social indicators FE - Tue, Jul 27
• In an attempt to improve the quality of data available on social indicators, ministry of statistics will rope in non-gazatted organizations (NGOs) to check the credibility of data collected on various indicators like employment, health and education, county's top statistician told FE.
•        
•             Bits & bytes FE - Tue, Jul 27
• RC Venkateish appointed Dish TV CEO Direct-to-home (DTH) operator DishTV has appointed RC Venkateish as its chief executive officer.
•        
•             Probe 'misplaced' file mystery with Koda case: BJP leader FE - Tue, Jul 27
• Had the Jharkhand government not "misplaced" a file wherein the state's principal chief conservator of forests had urged the Jharkhand secretary, forest & environment as early as in February 2006 to notify in the gazette the details of the inviolate compartments which had been carved out by the forest department for protecting the invaluable flora and fauna of the Saranda, Ko
•        
•             Trying too hard FE - Tue, Jul 27
• Campaign : Technology that touches lives Brand : HCL Company : HCL Agency : DraftFCB Ulka The Campaign The ad begins with a banker receiving a sermon from his child's school teacher on how the kid needs to improve his grades.
•        
•             World view FE - Tue, Jul 27
• Zenith Optimedia raises global ad forecast, projects 3.5% rise in 2010 Publicis Groupe's Zenith Optimedia has revised its global ad forecast for 2010, projecting a 3.5% rise in spending to $448 billion.
•        
•             Third Front holds the key for N-Bill FE - Tue, Jul 27
• The fate of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010 may lie in the hands of five undecided Members of Parliament—largely from the Third Front—as the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, which is currently looking into the Bill, enters the final phases.
•        
•             Now, e-ticketing to be off IRCTC menu FE - Mon, Jul 26
• After taking over catering services in trains from its subsidiary Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), Indian Railways is planning to directly undetake e-ticketing operations also.
•        

       
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National News

       

   

A long way to 'park and ride'

HT - Wed, Jul 28
New Delhi, July 28 -- Only five days remain for the deadline of July 31 that the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) gave for the park and ride facility at Safdarjung Airport.
       
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•             Lt-Gov asks MCD to repair Bengali Club building HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- The office of the Lieutenant-Governor on Tuesday asked the Municipal Corporation (MCD) to take repairs and restoration measures for the building housing Bengali Club.
•        
•             Eight firearms seized, one held HT - Wed, Jul 28
• Mumbai, July 28 -- The Mumbai police crime branch has recovered eight firearms and arrested one person who had brought the consignment from Uttar Pradesh.
•        
•             Cong misses deadline to party polls HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- Elections for the Congress president and the state unit chiefs are being rescheduled as the deadline set by the party's central election authority for completing these polls expired on July 25. Party sources said the polls have been put off as Pradesh Congress Committee chiefs had failed to complete most of the tasks assigned to them.
•        
•             Karnataka dominate Day 1 of test event HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- Karnataka dominated the National Federation Cup- a test event preceding the Commonwealth Games - held at Dr SP Mukherjee Complex on a day marred by mishaps and mismanagement.
•        
•             8 criminals arrested with huge cache of arms HT - Wed, Jul 28
• Gurgaon, July 28 -- Eight hardened criminals were arrested following a raid at a house in Sector 40 on Monday evening.
•        
•             Eat fruit, veggies at own risk HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- The health ministry has raised a red flag over the hazards of eating vegetables and fruit.
•        
•             Women lifters throw weight behind coach HT - Wed, Jul 28
• Chandigarh, July 28 -- In sharp contrast to the allegations of sexually harassment levelled against weightlifting coach Ramesh Malhotra by Olympic bronze medallist Karnam Malleswari, all the 16 women in the Commonwealth Games core group, training at NIS Patiala, have come out in favour of the coach.
•        
•             Nehru Stadium inaugurated HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- After years of hard labour and toil, the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was finally inaugurated on Tuesday, 68 days before the start of the Commonwealth Games.
•        
•             The seven Andhra cops who got away HT - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 -- Seven Andhra Pradesh police personnel, including two sub-inspectors, had allegedly collaborated with Gujarat police's ATS team in abducting Sohrabuddin Sheikh and his wife Kausar Bi from a bus on the Hyderabad-Mumbai highway.
•        
•             Visually challenged girl can attend class HT - Wed, Jul 28
• Mumbai, July 28 -- A 17-year-old visually challenged girl, who was denied admission to a physiotherapy course because of her disability, can attend lectures until her petition is decided, the Bombay High Court ruled on Tuesday.
•        
•             Fuel worth crores stolen from pipeline, 3 arrested HT - Wed, Jul 28
• Faridabad, July 28 -- The police busted a gang of inter state gang of fuel thieves who pilfered oil from the Mathura Jullundhar pipeline and arrested three people in this connection on Monday evening.
•        
•             After normal Sunday, Kashmir tense again on Monday HT - Tue, Jul 27
• Srinagar, July 26 -- After a normal day on Sunday, Kashmir valley again witnessed security restriction, curfew, barricades and protests on Monday in the wake of separatists' call for complete shutdown and demonstrations as part of their "Quit Kashmir Campaign".
•        
•             ISI paid Taliban to kill Indians in Kabul: Wikileaks HT - Tue, Jul 27
• New York, July 26 -- India has long believed Pakistan was the puppet-master behind the series of attacks on Indian assets in Afghanistan in recent years.
•        
•             Retain 26 percent FDI cap in defence manufacturing HT - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 26 -- A leading industry lobby on Monday cautioned against raising the 26 percent cap in foreign direct investment, saying a decision on this "will require careful thinking and analysis".
•        
•             These kids live off the dead HT - Tue, Jul 27
• Mumbai, July 26 -- Manikarnika Ghat is the largest and busiest cremation ground in India - more than 100 corpses are brought here every day and the funeral pyre burns all day long.
•        
•             Mixing cocktails in the monsoon HT - Tue, Jul 27
• Mumbai, July 26 -- Rather than sipping spicy chai to banish away the rainy blues, why not try a monsoon cocktail? The Harbour Bar, at the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower, has introduced an unusual range dedicated to both, the monsoon and Mumbai's character, designed by their resident mixologist, Tim Etherington-Judge.
•        
•             MCD gets Rs 1,500 crore HT - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 26 -- The cash-strapped Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) on Monday got a financial assistance of around Rs 1,500 crore from the Delhi Government to pay salaries to employees and other expenses.
•        
•             Tight monetary policy to stay: RBI HT - Tue, Jul 27
• Mumbai, July 26 -- Setting the tone for a hike in key rates, the Reserve Bank of India on Monday said it would continue tightening monetary policy until inflation is tamed.
•        
•             8 Maoists killed in 2 operations HT - Tue, Jul 27
• Midnapore, July 26 -- Joint forces of the central and state governments killed eight Maoists in two separate operations in West Bengal and Jharkhand on Monday.
•        

       
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National News

       

   

Persons close to Maya involved in attack on Nandi: SP

IE - Wed, Jul 28
Alleging involvement of persons close to Chief Minister Mayawati on the attack on UP minister Nand Gopal Gupta "Nandi", the Samajwadi Party on Wednesday said this was the main reason the state government was shying away from recommending a CBI probe into the matter.
       
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•             British PM rules out any mediation on Indo-Pak issues IE - Wed, Jul 28
• British Prime Ministser David Cameron today ruled out his country mediating on the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan, saying it was for them to settle their issues.
•        
•             BJP leader commits suicide in Bhopal IE - Wed, Jul 28
• A BJP leader here today committed suicide by shooting himself with a country-made revolver in the Ashoka Garden area, police said.
•        
•             CBI report on Sohrabuddin case likely by July 30 IE - Wed, Jul 28
• CBI is likely to submit its report on the probe into Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter killing case of Gujarat in the Supreme Court by July 30, sources in the agency said here on Wednesday.
•        
•             Even consensual sex under fear is rape: SC IE - Wed, Jul 28
• The Supreme Court has ruled that a person cannot take the plea of consensual sex and he can be convicted for rape if the victim had consented to the act out of fear.
•        
•             BJP's Shah quizzed by CBI for over 4 hours IE - Wed, Jul 28
• The CBI on Wednesday grilled for more than four hours former Gujarat minister Amit Shah in Sabarmati jail for his alleged role in the killing of suspected gangster Sohrabuddin Sheikh and his wife in 2005. A CBI team started interrogating 46-year-old Shah around 11 AM and his quizzing continued till around 3.30 PM, sources in the Central agency said.
•        
•             Tighter visa rules to control migrants: UK IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Defending tightening of visa rules for students coming to the UK, a British minister on Wednesday said "proper policing" was needed to crack down on "bogus colleges" and check inflow of migrants.
•        
•             Sohrabuddin case: Amin demands chargesheet, gets to view it IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Police officer N K Amin, one of the accused in Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter killing case who wants to become an approver, was today shown the chargesheet filed by CBI last week.
•        
•             Vikas Yadav out of Tihar 66 times for treatment IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Vikas Yadav, serving a life term for the murder of Nitish Katara, had been out of Tihar Jail as many as 66 times since his conviction by a trial court in 2008, according to an RTI reply.
•        
•             HC issues notice to Varun Gandhi IE - Wed, Jul 28
• The Delhi High Court on Wednesday issued notice to BJP MP Varun Gandhi on a petition filed by his uncle and Congress candidate from Pilibhit constituency V M Singh for allegedly making defamatory remarks against him during the last Lok Sabha elections.
•        
•             RS stalled for second day on price rise issue IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Proceedings in the Rajya Sabha were stalled for the second consecutive day as a united Opposition on Wednesday persisted with its demand for a discussion on price rise under a rule which entails voting.
•        
•             'I will raise the issue of injustice meted out to me' IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Former Goa tourism minister Mickey Pacheco who has been granted bail in the Nadia Torrado death case, on Wednesday said he will raise the issue of "injustice" meted out to him by the state police, in the ongoing session of the Legislative Assembly.
•        
•             Villager washed away, 14 rescued from flash floods in Jammu IE - Wed, Jul 28
• A villager was washed away in flash floods while 14 others were rescued from the gushing flood waters in Jammu and Reasi districts. 70-year-old Sher Singh was washed away in flash floods in Baghu Nallah in Mahore tehsil, about 160 kms from here, in Reasi district, police officials said.
•        
•             Restrictions again imposed in some parts of Kashmir Valley IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Restrictions were on Wednesday imposed on the movement of people in parts of Srinagar and Budgam districts in the wake of demonstrations planned by separatists across the Kashmir Valley.
•        
•             CBI in Sabarmati jail to grill BJP's Shah IE - Wed, Jul 28
• CBI officials on Wednesday questioned former Gujarat minister Amit Shah, arrested in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case, in the Sabarmati jail here following a court order.
•        
•             Cong cites Ramayana, says BJP must shun Modi, Shah IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Leader of Opposition in Gujarat Assembly Shaktisinh Gohil today alleged that BJP President Nitin Gadkari "lacks general knowledge about facts" in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case.
•        
•             Naxals want to rule Delhi: Raman Singh IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh said Naxals have ambitions to capture power at the Centre through violent means.
•        
•             Govt mulls reservation for Muslims through OBC route IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Government is actively considering reservation for Muslims through the Other Backward Castes (OBC) route, Minority Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid has said.
•        
•             'Amit Shah had tasked 3 IPS officers to kill Sohrabuddin' IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Arrested former Gujarat minister of state for Home Amit Shah had entrusted the job of eliminating Sohrabuddin Sheikh to three senior IPS officers, the chargesheet filed by CBI in a court said.
•        
•             Wanted: some 'Islam' in CWG ceremonies IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Critical of the absence of any reference to "Islamic influence on Indian history," in either the opening or closing ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games, the Group of Ministers has asked the Games organisers to provide a "true" representation of India's inclusive culture by weaving this in.
•        

       
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Business News

                                                             
   

MCD gets report on ways to hike house tax collection

    IANS - 12:04 AM
New Delhi, July 29 (IANS) A report on steps to increase property tax revenue was tabled Wednesday in a meeting of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi's (MCD) Standing Committee, the civic agency's highest decision making panel.
   

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• BP aims for quick well kill; weighs asset sales  Reuters - Wed, Jul 28

       
   

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General

• Can a business-led recovery keep U.S. above water?Reuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Call it the emperor-has-no-clothes recovery theory. For months, chief executives from General Electric Co 's Jeff Immelt to United Parcel Service Inc 's Scott Davis have said that business investment would have to drive the United States' recovery from its worst slump since the Great Depression.
• ArcelorMittal plans stainless spin-off, eyes tiesReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• After years of seeking a cost-cutting merger in stainless steel, ArcelorMittal is giving up the fight and says it wants to spin off its activities instead.
• Boeing profit beats but shares fall on revenueReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Boeing Co reported a higher-than-expected quarterly net profit on Wednesday as the commercial airplane market recovers from a downturn, but its shares slipped 2 percent as revenue fell short of estimates.
• DGCA to audit all aviation training institutes: PatelPTI - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, Jul 28 (PTI) To enhance safety standards in the aviation sector, DGCA will audit all aviation training institutes and take punitive action against the airlines and airports if they were found not adhering to safety measures.
• Abdullah says no to Chinese technology in power generationPTI - Wed, Jul 28
• Hyderabad, Jul 28 (PTI) Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy Farooq Abdullah today advised Solar Power industry to abstain from using Chinese technology in power generation.

India

• Core infra industries grow by 3.4%IE - Wed, Jul 28
• Growth in key infrastructure sectors slowed to 3.4 per cent in June, the lowest performance in 10 months, prompting economists to hint that robust industrial expansion may drop to single digit.
• State Bank of Indore merger with SBI to begin by Aug 26IE - Wed, Jul 28
• The country's largest lender, State Bank of India, today said it will start the merger process of State Bank of Indore with itself from August 26. The entire undertaking of State Bank of Indore shall be transfered to and vested in State Bank of India from August 26, SBI informed the Bombay Stock Exchange.
• Punj Lloyd unit amongst firms picked for Aramco Yanbu refineryReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Saudi Aramco has signed contracts with international firms to build a multi-billion dollar refinery at Yanbu on Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast, the state-run company said on Wednesday.
• Cameron warns Pakistan on exporting terror, stresses economic ties with IndiaIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Bangalore, July 28 (IANS) British Prime Minister David Cameron began his India visit Wednesday with a clear warning to Pakistan that it should stop 'exporting' terror to its neighbourhood, even as he asserted that India was crucial for his country's economic future.
• DLF Q1 net up 4 pct on higher salesReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• DLF Ltd , India's top-listed real estate firm, on Wednesday reported its quarterly net profit rose 3.8 percent helped by a revival in demand in the country's property market that had been hit hard by an economic downturn last year.

International

• BP tees up asset sales to pay for spillReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• A day after BP said it would sell $30 billion in assets to pay for its Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the focus shifted to what is for sale, while lawyers prepared to tackle a mountain of claims for damages.
• China c.bank sees growing downward pressure on economyReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• China faces growing downward pressure on economic growth, but there is no need to worry, Zhang Jianhua, the head of the research bureau with the central People's Bank of China, said on Wednesday.
• BlackBerry stock slips on UAE security concernsIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Toronto, July 28 (IANS) With the United Arab Emirates (UAE) joining India in seeking access to BlackBerry's encryption key to let their intelligence agencies have access to emails, shares of Blackberry maker Research In Motion (RIM) fell for the second consecutive day Tuesday on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
• Massive opportunities seen in India-Latin America tiesIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Washington, July 28 (IANS) Stressing the great integration potential between India and Latin America, a new study calls for closer economic ties between the two distant partners to tap into 'massive' trade and investment opportunities.
• IMF gives ground on yuan exchange rate debateReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• The International Monetary Fund has chosen not to call the yuan "substantially" undervalued, a move that recognises China's efforts to free up its exchange rate and avoids friction with an increasingly influential shareholder.

Personal-Finance

• Mahindra and Mahindra Q1 net profit jumps 40.3 percentIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• New Delhi, July 28 (IANS) Automobile major Mahindra and Mahindra (M&M) registered a 40.3 percent growth in net profit for the first quarter of this fiscal at Rs.562.4 crore as against Rs.400.9 crore in the like period of 2009-10.
• Sensex closes 120 points lower, heavyweights dragIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Mumbai, July 28 (IANS) A benchmark index for Indian equities Wednesday closed 120 points lower, hit by late selling, ahead of the expiry of July futures contracts.
• NSE to explore business opportunities with LSEIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Mumbai, July 28 (IANS) India's National Stock Exchange (NSE) Wednesday inked a letter of intent with the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) to evaluate business opportunities, including licensing and trading of key benchmark indices on each other's exchange.
• Sensex closes 124 points lower, RIL, L&T dragIANS - Wed, Jul 28
• Mumbai, July 28 (IANS) A benchmark index for Indian equities closed 124 points lower as selling intensified in the last hour of trade.
• Larsen and Toubro post Rs.666 crore Q1 profitIANS - Tue, Jul 27
• New Delhi, July 27 (IANS) Engineering and constructions giant Larsen and Toubro (L&T) Tuesday registered a profit Rs.666 crore in the first quarter of this fiscal as compared to Rs.578 crore in the like quarter a year ago.

Markets

• India's NSE plans to list index futures on Tokyo bourse - NikkeiReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• REUTERS - India's National Stock Exchange (NSE) is considering listing stock index futures on the Tokyo Stock Exchange later this year, the Nikkei business daily reported quoting its chief executive officer.
• ANALYSIS - Emerging market capital curbs may be just the ticketReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Investors are buying more long-dated bonds and overseas-listed shares in key emerging markets, suggesting capital controls set up in these countries may be helping curb volatile portfolio flows and currency swings.
• ANALYSIS - Oil cos more cautious on storms after Gulf spillReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Heightened caution following the BP oil spill is prompting oil and gas producers in the Gulf of Mexico to shut more production faster as storms threaten, exacerbating energy price volatility this hurricane season.
• Vedanta defends human rights record after protestsReuters - Wed, Jul 28
• India-focused Vedanta Resources Plc defended its human rights record on Wednesday at a shareholders' meeting where some fund managers joined pressure groups to protest over its plans to build a bauxite mine in an area sacred to indigenous people.
• FACTBOX - Steel futures contracts: Who's doing what?Reuters - Wed, Jul 28
• Reuters - As financial markets race to grab a larger share of steel futures trading, big steel producers remain opposed to the idea, while smaller, medium-sized mills warm to it.] In 1916, the moderate nationalists demonstrated new strength with the signing of the Lucknow Pact and the founding of the Home Rule leagues. With the realisation, after the disaster in the Mesopotamian campaign, that the war would likely last longer, the new Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, cautioned that the Government of India needed to be more responsive to Indian opinion.^[82] Towards the end of the year, after discussions with the government in London, he suggested that the British demonstrate their good faith in light of the Indian war role through a number of public actions. The actions he suggested included awards of titles and honours to princes, granting of commissions in the army to Indians, and removal of the much-reviled cotton excise duty. Most importantly, he suggested an announcement of Britain's future plans for India and an indication of some concrete steps.^[82] After more discussion, in August 1917, the new Liberal Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, announced the British aim of "increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration, and the gradual development of self-governing institutions, with a view to the progressive realisation of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire."^[82] Although the plan envisioned limited self-government at first only in the provinces – with India emphatically within the British Empire – it represented the first British proposal for any form of representative government in a non-white colony.^[82]
  Earlier, at the onset of World War I, the reassignment of most of the British army in India to Europe and Mesopotamia] had led the previous Viceroy, Lord Harding, to worry about the "risks involved in denuding India of troops."^[80] Revolutionary violence had already been a concern in British India, and outlines of collaboration with Germany were being identified by British intelligence. Consequently in 1915, the Government of India passed the Defence of India Act to strengthen its powers during what it saw was a time of increased vulnerability. This act allowed it to intern politically dangerous dissidents without due process and added to the power it already had – under the 1910 Press Act – to imprison journalists without trial and to censor the press.^[83] Now, as constitutional reform began to be discussed in earnest, the British began to consider how new moderate Indians could be brought into the fold of constitutional politics and simultaneously, how the hand of established constitutionalists could be strengthened.^[83] However, since the Government of India wanted to check the revolutionary problem, and since its reform plan was devised during a time when extremist violence had ebbed as a result of increased governmental control, it also began to consider how some of its war-time powers could be extended into peace time.^[83]
  
  

  

  Edwin Montagu, left, the Secretary of State for India, whose report led to the Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montford Reforms or the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
  Consequently in 1917, even as Edwin Montagu announced the new constitutional reforms, a sedition committee chaired by a British judge, Mr. S. A. T. Rowlatt, was tasked with investigating revolutionary conspiracies and the German and Bolshevik links to the violence in India,^[84][85][86] with the unstated goal of extending the government's war-time powers.^[82] The Rowlatt committee presented its report in July 1918 and identified three regions of conspiratorial insurgency: Bengal, the Bombay presidency, and the Punjab.^[82] To combat subversive acts in these regions, the committee recommended that the government use emergency powers akin to its war-time authority. These powers included the ability to try cases of sedition by a panel of three judges and without juries, exaction of securities from suspects, governmental overseeing of residences of suspects,^[82] and the power for provincial governments to arrest and detain suspects in short-term detention facilities and without trial.^[87]
  With the end of World War I, there was also a change in the economic climate. By year's end 1919, 1.5 million Indians had served in the armed services in either combatant or non-combatant roles, and India had provided £146 million in revenue for the war.^[88] The increased taxes coupled with disruptions in both domestic and international trade had the effect of approximately doubling the index of overall prices in India between 1914 and 1920.^[88] Returning war veterans, especially in the Punjab, created a growing unemployment crisis^[89] and post-war inflation led to food riots in Bombay, Madras, and Bengal provinces.^[89] This situation was made only worse by the failure of the 1918-19 monsoon and by profiteering and speculation.^[88] The global influenza epidemic and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 added to the general jitters; the former among the population already experiencing economic woes,^[89] and the latter among government officials, fearing a similar revolution in India.^[90]
  
  

  

  The Jallianwala Bagh couple of months after the April 1919 massacre which killed about 1,516 people^[91]
  To combat what it saw as a coming crisis, the government now drafted the Rowlatt committee's recommendations into two Rowlatt Bills.^[87] Although the bills were authorised for legislative consideration by Edwin Montagu, they were done so unwillingly, with the accompanying declaration, "I loathe the suggestion at first sight of preserving the Defence of India Act in peace time to such an extent as Rowlatt and his friends think necessary."^[82] In the ensuing discussion and vote in the Imperial Legislative Council, all Indian members voiced opposition to the bills. The Government of India was nevertheless able to use of its "official majority" to ensure passage of the bills early in 1919.^[82] However, what it passed, in deference to the Indian opposition, was a lesser version of the first bill, which now allowed extrajudicial powers, but for a period of exactly three years and for the prosecution solely of "anarchical and revolutionary movements", dropping entirely the second bill involving modification of the Indian Penal Code.^[82] Even so, when it was passed the new Rowlatt Act aroused widespread indignation throughout India which finally culminated in the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre and brought Mohandas Gandhi to the forefront of the nationalist movement.^[87][92]
  Meanwhile, Montagu and Chelmsford themselves finally presented their report in July 1918 after a long fact-finding trip through India the previous winter.^[93] After more discussion by the government and parliament in Britain, and another tour by the Franchise and Functions Committee for the purpose of identifying who among the Indian population could vote in future elections, the Government of India Act of 1919 was passed in December 1919.^[93] The new Act (also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) enlarged both the provincial and Imperial legislative councils and repealed the Government of India's recourse to the "official majority" in unfavorable votes.^[93] Although departments like defence, foreign affairs, criminal law, communications and income tax were retained by the Viceroy and the central government in New Delhi, other departments like public health, education, land-revenue and local self-government were transferred to the provinces.^[93] The provinces themselves were now to be administered under a new dyarchical system, whereby some areas like education, agriculture, infrastructure development, and local self-government became the preserve of Indian ministers and legislatures, and ultimately the Indian electorates, while others like irrigation, land-revenue, police, prisons, and control of media remained within the purview of the British governor and his executive council.^[93] The new Act also made it easier for Indians to be admitted into the civil service and the army officer corps.
  
  

  

  British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald to the right of Mohandas Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference in London, October 1931
  A greater number of Indians were now enfranchised, although, for voting at the national level, they constituted only 10% of the total adult male population, many of whom were still illiterate.^[93] In the provincial legislatures, the British continued to exercise some control by setting aside seats for special interests they considered cooperative or useful. In particular, rural candidates, generally sympathetic to British rule and less confrontational, were assigned more seats than their urban counterparts.^[93] Seats were also reserved for non-Brahmins, landowners, businessmen, and college graduates. The principal of "communal representation", an integral part of the Minto-Morley reforms, and more recently of the Congress-Muslim League Lucknow Pact, was reaffirmed, with seats being reserved for Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and domiciled Europeans, in both provincial and Imperial legislative councils.^[93] The Montagu-Chelmsford reforms offered Indians the most significant opportunity yet for exercising legislative power, especially at the provincial level; however, that opportunity was also restricted by the still limited number of eligible voters, by the small budgets available to provincial legislatures, and by the presence of rural and special interest seats that were seen as instruments of British control.^[93] Its scope was, however, unsatisfactory to the Indian political leadership, famously expressed by Annie Beasant as something "unworthy of England to offer and India to accept".^[94]
  In 1935, after the Round Table Conferences, the British Parliament approved the Government of India Act of 1935, which authorised the establishment of independent legislative assemblies in all provinces of British India, the creation of a central government incorporating both the British provinces and the princely states, and the protection of Muslim minorities.^[67] At this time, it was also decided to separate Burma from British India in 1937, to form a separate crown colony. The future Constitution of independent India would owe a great deal to the text of this act.^[95] The act also provided for a bicameral national parliament and an executive branch under the purview of the British government. Although the national federation was never realised, nationwide elections for provincial assemblies were held in 1937. Despite initial hesitation, the Indian National Congress took part in the elections and won victories in seven of the eleven provinces of British India,^[96] and Congress governments, with wide powers, were formed in these provinces. In Britain, these victories were to later turn the tide for the idea of Indian independence.^[96]
  

  [edit] World War II

  Main article: India in World War II
  

  

  An Italian soldier surrenders to an Indian Jawan during the successful Allied campaign of Operation Crusader
  With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, declared war on India's behalf without consulting Indian leaders, leading the Congress provincial ministries to resign in protest. The Muslim League, in contrast, supported Britain in the war effort; however, it now took the view that Muslims would be unfairly treated in an independent India dominated by the Congress.
  The British government—through its Cripps' mission—attempted to secure Indian nationalists' cooperation in the war effort in exchange for independence afterwards; however, the negotiations between them and the Congress broke down. Gandhi, subsequently, launched the "Quit India" movement in August 1942, demanding the immediate withdrawal of the British from India or face nationwide civil disobedience. Along with all other Congress leaders, Gandhi was immediately imprisoned, and the country erupted in violent demonstrations led by students and later by peasant political groups, especially in Eastern United Provinces, Bihar, and western Bengal. The large war-time British Army presence in India led to most of the movement being crushed in a little more than six weeks;^[97] nonetheless, a portion of the movement formed for a time an underground provisional government on the border with Nepal.^[97] In other parts of India, the movement was less spontaneous and the protest less intensive, however it lasted sporadically into the summer of 1943.^[98]
  With Congress leaders in jail, attention also turned to Subhas Bose, who had been ousted from the Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command;^[99] Bose now turned to the Axis powers for help with liberating India by force.^[100] With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army, composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured at Singapore by the Japanese. From the onset of the war, the Japanese secret service had promoted unrest in South east Asia to destabilise the British war effort,^[101] and came to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (Free India), presided by Bose.^[102] Bose's effort, however, was short lived; after the reverses of 1944, the reinforced British Indian Army in 1945 first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. Bose's Indian National Army surrendered with the recapture of Singapore, and Bose died in a plane crash soon thereafter. The trials of the INA soldiers at Red Fort in late 1945 however caused widespread public unrest and nationalist violence in India.^[103]
  

  [edit] Independence and partition

  Main article: Partition of India
  

  

  Map of the Indian Empire showing the prevailing majority religions of the population for different districts in 1909
  In January 1946, a number of mutinies broke out in the armed services, starting with that of RAF servicemen frustrated with their slow repatriation to Britain.^[104] The mutinies came to a head with mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay in February 1946, followed by others in Calcutta, Madras, and Karachi. These mutinies found much public support in India then gripped by the Red Fort Trials, and had the effect of spurring the new Labour government in Britain to action, and leading to the Cabinet Mission to India led by the Secretary of State for India, Lord Pethick Lawrence, and including Sir Stafford Cripps, who had visited four years before.^[104]
  Also in early 1946, new elections were called in India in which the Congress won electoral victories in eight of the eleven provinces.^[105] The negotiations between the Congress and the Muslim League, however, stumbled over the issue of the partition. Muhammad Ali Jinnah proclaimed 16 August 1946, Direct Action Day, with the stated goal of highlighting, peacefully, the demand for a Muslim homeland in British India. The following day Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in Calcutta and quickly spread throughout India. Although the Government of India and the Congress were both shaken by the course of events, in September a Congress-led interim government was installed, with Jawaharlal Nehru as united India's prime minister.
  Later that year, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless India,^[106][107] decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.
  As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad on behalf of the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, B. R. Ambedkar representing the Untouchable community, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs, agreed to a partition of the country along religious lines. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the new nation of Pakistan; the plan included a partition of the Muslim-majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal.
  Many millions of Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu refugees trekked across the newly drawn borders. In Punjab, where the new border lines divided the Sikh regions in half, massive bloodshed followed; in Bengal and Bihar, where Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was more limited. In all, anywhere between 250,000 and 500,000 people on both sides of the new borders died in the violence.^[108] On 14 August 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi. The following day, 15 August 1947, India, now a smaller Union of India, became an independent country with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of the prime minister, and the viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, staying on as its first Governor General.
  

  [edit] See also

  British Empire portal

• Imperialism in Asia
• Colonialism
• British Empire
• British rule in India for other periods when parts of India were under British rule.
• India Office
• Colonial India
• Historiography of the British Empire
• Indian independence movement
• List of Indian Princely States
• List of Indian Federal Legislation
• Governor-General of India
• Commander-in-Chief of India
• British Indian Army
• Indian Civil Service
• Order of the Indian Empire
• Anglo-Indian
• Anglo-Burmese people
• Macaulayism

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1989: from Skr. rāj: to reign, rule; cognate with L. rēx, rēg-is, OIr. rī, rīg king (see RICH).
2. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1989. "b. spec. the British dominion or rule in the Indian sub-continent (before 1947). In full, British raj.
3. ^ *Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1989. Examples: 1955 Times 25 Aug. 9/7 It was effective against the British raj in India, and the conclusion drawn here is that the British knew that they were wrong. 1969 R. MILLAR Kut xv. 288 Sir Stanley Maude had taken command in Mesopotamia, displacing the raj of antique Indian Army commanders. 1975 H. R. ISAACS in H. M. Patel et al. Say not the Struggle Nought Availeth 251 The post-independence régime in all its incarnations since the passing of the British Raj. For the latter usage, see: Google Scholar references: ("British Raj" in the primary sense of "British India," i.e. "regions of India under British rule") 1. "The important case of Islamic economics was a consciously constructed effort arising directly out of the anti-colonial struggle in the British Raj" 2 "... time" (1882: v). In keeping with the purpose of the Gazetteer (and indeed all such Gazetteers published for provinces in the British Raj), Atkinson's treatment ..." 3. "... Robert D'Arblay Gybbon-Monypenny, who had been born in the British Raj and educated at Sandhurst, afterwards seeing active service in the First World War ..." 4. "... In contrast, during the independence struggle in the British raj, the emphasis had always been on nationalism..." ("British Raj" in the second sense of "British India," i.e. "the British in India") 5. "Koch and the Europeans were entertained at clubs in the British Raj from which native Indians (called "wogs" for "worthy oriental gentleman") were excluded. ..." 6. "... prejudice and vindictiveness towards one's own race and, especially, toward someone of a different race who, as a servant in the British Raj, occupies a ..."
4. ^ First the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland then, after 1927, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
5. ^ "Nepal." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
6. ^ "Bhutan." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
7. ^ "Sikkim." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 5 August 2007 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46212>.
8. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1907, pp. 59-60
9. ^ 1. Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume IV, published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India-in-Council, 1909, Oxford University Press. page 5. Quote: "The history of British India falls, as observed by Sir C. P. Ilbert in his Government of India, into three periods. From the beginning of the seventeenth century to the middle of the eighteenth century the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the mutiny of 1857 the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown, and then follows an era of peace in which India awakens to new life and progress." 2. The Statutes: From the Twentieth Year of King Henry the Third to the ... by Robert Harry Drayton, Statutes of the Realm - Law - 1770 Page 211 (3) "Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the law of British India and of the several parts thereof existing immediately before the appointed ..." 3. Edney, M.E. (1997) Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843, University of Chicago Press. 480 pages. ISBN 9780226184883 4. Hawes, C.J. (1996) Poor Relations: The Making of a Eurasian Community in British India, 1773-1833. Routledge, 217 pages. ISBN 0700704256.
10. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II 1908, p. 463,470 Quote1: "Before passing on to the political history of British India, which properly begins with the Anglo-French Wars in the Carnatic, ... (p.463)" Quote2: "The political history of the British in India begins in the eighteenth century with the French Wars in the Carnatic. (p.471)"
11. ^ ^{a b} Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1907, p. 60
12. ^ ^{a b c} Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1907, p. 46
13. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1907, p. 56
14. ^ Kashmir: The origins of the dispute, BBC News, 16 January 2002
15. ^ ^{a b c} Moore 2001a, pp. 424-426
16. ^ Moore 2001a, p. 424
17. ^ Brown 1994, p. 96
18. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Moore 2001a, p. 426
19. ^ Moore 2001a, p. 426, Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 104
20. ^ Quoted in Moore 2001a, p. 426
21. ^ Peers 2006, p. 76, Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 104, Spear 1990, p. 149
22. ^ Bayly 1990, p. 195
23. ^ Peers 2006, p. 72, Bayly 1990, p. 72
24. ^ ^{a b c} Spear 1990, p. 147
25. ^ ^{a b c d} Spear 1990, pp. 147-148
26. ^ European Madness and Gender in Nineteenth-century British India. Social History of Medicine 1996 9(3):357-382.
27. ^ Robinson, Ronald Edward, & John Gallagher. 1968. Africa and the Victorians: The Climax of Imperialism. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday [1]
28. ^ ^{a b} Davis, Mike. Late Victorian Holocausts. 1. Verso, 2000. ISBN 1859847390 pg 7
29. ^ Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. ISBN 0385720270 ch 7
30. ^ Hall-Matthews 2008, p. 1
31. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907, p. 478
32. ^ Cholera- Biological Weapons
33. ^ The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State, By G. William Beardslee
34. ^ INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Plague Through History, sciencemag.org
35. ^ Malaria - Medical History of British India, National Library of Scotland
36. ^ "Biography of Ronald Ross". The Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html. Retrieved 15 Jun. 2007. 
37. ^ Leprosy - Medical History of British India, National Library of Scotland
38. ^ Smallpox History - Other histories of smallpox in South Asia
39. ^ Feature Story: Smallpox
40. ^ Smallpox and Vaccination in British India During the Last Seventy Years, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1945 January; 38(3): 135–140.
41. ^ Smallpox - some unknown heroes in smallpox eradication, Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
42. ^ Sir JJ Group of Hospitals
43. ^ Rajat Kanta Ray, "Indian Society and the Establishment of British Supremacy, 1765-1818," in The Oxford History of the British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp 508-29
44. ^ Professor Ray agrees that the East India Company inherited an onerous taxation system that took one-third of the produce of Indian cultivators.
45. ^ P.J. Marshall, "The British in Asia: Trade to Dominion, 1700-1765," in The Oxford History of the British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp 487-507
46. ^ The Regulating Act - 1773
47. ^ ^{a b c d e} Ludden 2002, p. 133
48. ^ Ludden 2002, p. 135
49. ^ Ludden 2002, p. 134
50. ^ ^{a b} Robb 2004, pp. 126-129
51. ^ ^{a b c} Peers 2006, pp. 45-47
52. ^ Tomlinson 1993, p. 43
53. ^ Peers 2006, p. 47, Brown 1994, p. 65
54. ^ ^{a b c} Brown 1994, p. 67
55. ^ Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 79
56. ^ Bandyopadhyay 2004, pp. 169-172 Bose & Jalal 2003, pp. 88-103 Quote: "The 1857 rebellion was by and large confined to northern Indian Gangetic Plain and central India.", Brown 1994, pp. 85-87, and Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, pp. 100-106
57. ^ Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 101
58. ^ Brown 1994, p. 88
59. ^ Metcalf 1991, p. 48
60. ^ Bandyopadhyay 2004, p. 171, Bose & Jalal 2003, p. 90
61. ^ Bandyopadhyay 2004, p. 172, Bose & Jalal 2003, p. 91, Brown 1994, p. 92
62. ^ Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 102
63. ^ Bose & Jalal 2003, p. 91, Metcalf 1991, Bandyopadhyay 2004, p. 173
64. ^ Brown 1994, p. 92
65. ^ (Stein 2001, p. 259), (Oldenburg 2007)
66. ^ (Oldenburg 2007), (Stein 2001, p. 258)
67. ^ ^{a b} (Oldenburg 2007)
68. ^ (Stein 2001, p. 258)
69. ^ ^{a b} (Stein 2001, p. 260)
70. ^ (Stein 2001, p. 260) Quote: "The British knew about Indian famines well before the East India Company assumed political responsibility for India. Peter Mundy, an early seventeenth-century Company agent, reported a devastating series of bad harvests and food shortages in Gujarat and elsewhere in western India which drove cultivators and artisans to migrate, some making their way a thousand miles to the southern tip of India, where they continue to live. Mundy described the responses of the Mughal governor of the province, ..., he noted with appreciation the free food distributions ordered by Emperor Shah Jahan."
71. ^ Angus Maddison, The World Economy, pages 109-112, (2001)
72. ^ ^{a b} R.R. Bhandari (2005). Indian Railways: Glorious 150 years. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 1–19. ISBN 81-230-1254-3. 
73. ^ "First train ran between Roorkee and Piran Kaliyar". National News. The Hindu. 10 Aug. 2002. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/08/10/stories/2002081000040800.htm. Retrieved 5 Jan. 2009. 
74. ^ Babu, T. Stanley (2004). "A shining testimony of progress". Indian Railway Board. p. 101. 
75. ^ Thorner, Daniel (2005). "The pattern of railway development in India". in Kerr, Ian J.. Railways in Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 80–96. ISBN 0195672925. 
76. ^ Hurd, John (2005). "Railways". in Kerr, Ian J.. Railways in Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 147–172–96. ISBN 0195672925. 
77. ^ ^{a b} R.R. Bhandari (2005). Indian Railways: Glorious 150 years. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 44–52. ISBN 81-230-1254-3. 
78. ^ Awasthi, Aruna (1994). History and development of railways in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 181–246. 
79. ^ Wainwright, A. Marin (1994). Inheritance of Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 48. ISBN 9780275947330. http://books.google.com/books?id=1wERzXx94c8C&pg=PA48. 
80. ^ ^{a b c d} Brown 1994, pp. 197-198
81. ^ Olympic Games Antwerp 1920: Official Report, Nombre de bations representees, p. 168. Quote: "31 Nations avaient accepté l'invitation du Comité Olympique Belge: ... la Grèce - la Hollande Les Indes Anglaises - l'Italie - le Japon ..."
82. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Brown 1994, pp. 203-204
83. ^ ^{a b c} Brown 1994, pp. 201-203
84. ^ Lovett 1920, p. 94, 187-191
85. ^ Sarkar 1921, p. 137
86. ^ Tinker 1968, p. 92
87. ^ ^{a b c} Spear 1990, p. 190
88. ^ ^{a b c} Brown 1994, pp. 195-196
89. ^ ^{a b c} Stein 2001, p. 304
90. ^ Ludden 2002, p. 208
91. ^ Report of Commissioners, Vol I, New Delhi, p 105
92. ^ Patil, V.S.. Subhas Chandra Bose, his contribution to Indian nationalism. Sterling Publishers, 1988. 
93. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Brown 1994, pp. 205-207
94. ^ Chhabra 2005, p. 2
95. ^ (Low 1993, pp. 40, 156)
96. ^ ^{a b} (Low 1993, p. 154)
97. ^ ^{a b} (Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, pp. 206-207)
98. ^ Bandyopadhyay 2004, pp. 418-420
99. ^ Nehru 1942, p. 424
100. ^ (Low 1993, pp. 31-31)
101. ^ Lebra 1977, p. 23
102. ^ Lebra 1977, p. 31, (Low 1993, pp. 31-31)
103. ^ Chaudhuri 1953, p. 349, Sarkar 1983, p. 411,Hyam 2007, p. 115
104. ^ ^{a b} (Judd 2004, pp. 172-173)
105. ^ (Judd 2004, p. 172)
106. ^ Hyam 2007, p. 106 Quote:By the end of 1945, he and the Commander-in-chief, General Auckinleck were advising that there was a real threat in 1946 of large scale anti-British Disorder amounting to even a well-organised rising aiming to expel the British by paralysing the administration. Quote:...it was clear to Attlee that everything depended on the spirit and reliability of the Indian Army:"Provided that they do their duty, armed insurrection in India would not be an insolube problem. If, however, the Indian Army was to go the other way, the picture would be very different... Quote:...Thus, Wavell concluded, if the army and the police "failed" Britain would be forced to go. In theory, it might be possible to revive and reinvigorate the services, and rule for another fifteent to trwenty years, but:It is a fallacy to suppose that the solution lies in trying to maintain status quo. We have no longer the resources, nor the necessary prestige or confidence in ourselves.
107. ^ Brown 1994, p. 330 Quote: "India had always been a minority interest in British public life; no great body of public opinion now emerged to argue that war-weary and impoverished Britain should send troops and money to hold it against its will in an empire of doubtful value. By late 1946 both Prime Minister and Secretary of State for India recognized that neither international opinion no their own voters would stand for any reassertion of the raj, even if there had been the men, money, and administrative machinery with which to do so." Sarkar 1983, p. 418 Quote: "With a war weary army and people and a ravaged economy, Britain would have had to retreat; the Labour victory only quickened the process somewhat." Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 212 Quote: "More importantly, though victorious in war, Britain had suffered immensely in the struggle. It simply did not possess the manpower or economic resources required to coerce a restive India."
108. ^ (Khosla 2001, p. 299)

[edit] References and further reading

[edit] Contemporary general textbooks

• Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004), From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, New Delhi and London: Orient Longmans. Pp. xx, 548., ISBN 8125025960 .
• Bose, Sugata; Jalal, Ayesha (2003), Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy, London and New York: Routledge, 2nd edition. Pp. xiii, 304, ISBN 0415307872 .
• Brown, Judith M. (1994), Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 474, ISBN 0198731132 .
• Hyam, Ronald (2007), Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation 1918-1968., Cambridge University Press., ISBN 0521866499 .
• Copland, Ian (2001), India 1885-1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series), Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160, ISBN 0582381738 .
• Judd, Dennis (2004), The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600-1947, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280, ISBN 0192803581 .
• Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India, 4th edition. Routledge, Pp. xii, 448, ISBN 0415329205 .
• Ludden, David (2002), India And South Asia: A Short History, Oxford: Oneworld Publications. Pp. xii, 306, ISBN 1851682376 
• Markovits, Claude (ed) (2005), A History of Modern India 1480-1950 (Anthem South Asian Studies), Anthem Press. Pp. 607, ISBN 1843311526 .
• Metcalf, Barbara; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006), A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372, ISBN 0521682258 .
• Peers, Douglas M. (2006), India under Colonial Rule 1700-1885, Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163, ISBN 058231738 .
• Robb, Peter (2004), A History of India (Palgrave Essential Histories), Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. xiv, 344, ISBN 0333691296 .
• Sarkar, Sumit (1983), Modern India: 1885-1947, Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. Pp. xiv, 486, ISBN 0333904257 .
• Spear, Percival (1990), A History of India, Volume 2, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298, ISBN 0140138366 .
• Stein, Burton (2001), A History of India, New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiv, 432, ISBN 0195654463 .
• Wolpert, Stanley (2003), A New History of India, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 544, ISBN 0195166787 .

[edit] Monographs and collections

• Anderson, Clare (2007), Indian Uprising of 1857–8: Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion, New York: Anthem Press, Pp. 217, ISBN 9781843312499, http://atlantis.terrassl.net/anthempress.com/product_info.php?cPath=52&products_id=293&osCsid=9a2s9o8mdu8066m551rr407123 ^{[dead link]}
• Ansari, Sarah (2005), Life after Partition: Migration, Community and Strife in Sindh: 1947–1962, Oxford and London: Oxford University Press, Pp. 256, ISBN ISBN 019597834X 
• Baker, David, Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820–1920, Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 374, ISBN 0195630491, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2059781?origin=JSTOR-pdf 
• Bayly, C. A. (1990), Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (The New Cambridge History of India), Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 248, ISBN 0521386500 .
• Bayly, C. A. (2000), Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870 (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society), Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 426, ISBN 0521663601 
• Brown; Louis, Wm. Roger, eds. (2001), Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 800, ISBN 0199246793 
• Butalia, Urvashi (1998), The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, Pp. 308, ISBN 0822324946 
• Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan (1998), Imperial Power and Popular Politics: Class, Resistance and the State in India, 1850-1950, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, ISBN 0521596920 .
• Chatterji, Joya (1993), Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 323, ISBN 0521523281 .
• Copland, Ian (2002), Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917-1947, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 316, ISBN 0521894360 .
• Fay, Peter W. (1993), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945., Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press., ISBN 0472083422 .
• Gilmartin, David. 1988. Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan. Berkeley: University of California Press. 258 pages. ISBN 0520062493.
• Gould, William (2004), Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society). Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 320, ISBN 0521830613 .
• Hyam, Ronald (2007), Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation 1918-1968., Cambridge University Press., ISBN 0521866499. .
• Jalal, Ayesha (1993), The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 334 pages, ISBN 0521458501 .
• Khan, Yasmin (2007), The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 250 pages, ISBN 0300120788 
• Khosla, G. D. (2001), "Stern Reckoning", in Page, David; Inder Singh, Anita; Moon, Penderal et al., The Partition Omnibus: Prelude to Partition/the Origins of the Partition of India 1936-1947/Divide and Quit/Stern Reckoning, Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195658507 
• Low, D. A. (1993), Eclipse of Empire, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xvi, 366, ISBN 0521457548 .
• Low, D. A. (2002), Britain and Indian Nationalism: The Imprint of Amibiguity 1929-1942, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 374, ISBN 0521892619 .
• Low, D. A., ed. (2004), Congress & the Raj: Facets of the Indian Struggle 1917-47, Second Edition, New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xviii, 513, ISBN 0195683676 .
• Metcalf, Thomas R. (1991), The Aftermath of Revolt: India, 1857-1870, Riverdale Co. Pub. Pp. 352, ISBN 8185054991 
• Metcalf, Thomas R. (1997), Ideologies of the Raj, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press, Pp. 256, ISBN 0521589371 
• Nehru, Jawaharlal (1946), The Discovery of India, The John Day company, OCLC 186312138 
• Pandey, Gyanendra (2002), Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India, ISBN 0521002508 
• Porter, Andrew, ed. (2001), Oxford History of the British Empire: Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 800, ISBN 0199246785 
• Ramusack, Barbara (2004), The Indian Princes and their States (The New Cambridge History of India), Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 324, ISBN 0521039894 
• Shaikh, Farzana (1989), Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860—1947, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 272., ISBN 0521363284 .
• Talbot; Singh, Gurharpal Singh, eds. (1999), Region and Partition: Bengal, Punjab and the Partition of the Subcontinent, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 420, ISBN 0195790510 .
• Talbot, Ian (2002), Khizr Tiwana: The Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 216., ISBN 0195795512 .
• Wainwright, A. Martin (1993), Inheritance of Empire: Britain, India, and the Balance of Power in Asia, 1938-55, Praeger Publishers. Pp. xvi, 256, ISBN 0275947335 .
• Wolpert, Stanley (2006), Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 272, ISBN 0195151984 .

[edit] Articles in journals or collections

• Banthia, Jayant; Dyson, Tim (1999), "Smallpox in Nineteenth-Century India", Population and Development Review 25 (4): 649–689, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0098-7921%28199912%2925%3A4%3C649%3ASINI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K 
• Brown, Judith M. (2001), "India", in Brown, Judith M.; Louis, Wm. Roger, Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 421–446, ISBN 0199246793 
• Caldwell, John C (1998), "Malthus and the Less Developed World: The Pivotal Role of India", Population and Development Review 24 (4): 675–696, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0098-7921%28199812%2924%3A4%3C675%3AMATLDW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 
• Derbyshire, I. D. (1987), "Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860-1914", Population Studies 21 (3): 521–545, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%281987%2921%3A3%3C521%3AECATRI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O 
• Drayton, Richard (2001), "Science, Medicine, and the British Empire", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 264–276, ISBN 0199246807 
• Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I", Population Studies 45 (1): 5–25, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4728%28199103%2945%3A1%3C5%3AOTDOSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V 
• Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part II", Population Studies 45 (2): 279–297, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-4728%28199107%2945%3A2%3C279%3AOTDOSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S 
• Frykenberg, Robert E. (2001), "India to 1858", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 194–213, ISBN 0199246807 
• Gilmartin, David (1994), "Scientific Empire and Imperial Science: Colonialism and Irrigation Technology in the Indus Basin", The Journal of Asian Studies 53 (4): 1127–1149, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9118%28199411%2953%3A4%3C1127%3ASEAISC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S 
• Goswami, Manu (1998), "From Swadeshi to Swaraj: Nation, Economy, Territory in Colonial South Asia, 1870 to 1907", Comparative Studies in Society and History 40 (4): 609–636, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0010-4175%28199810%2940%3A4%3C609%3AFSTSNE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q 
• Harnetty, Peter (1991), "'Deindustrialization' Revisited: The Handloom Weavers of the Central Provinces of India, c. 1800-1947", Modern Asian Studies 25 (3): 455–510, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%28199107%2925%3A3%3C455%3A%27RTHWO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 
• Heuman, Gad (2001), "Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Abolition", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 315–326, ISBN 0199246807 
• Klein, Ira (1988), "Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India", Modern Asian Studies 22 (4): 723–755, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%281988%2922%3A4%3C723%3APPAPUI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B 
• Klein, Ira (2000), "Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India", Modern Asian Studies 34 (3): 545–580, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%28200007%2934%3A3%3C545%3AMMAMIB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I 
• Kubicek, Robert (2001), "British Expansion, Empire, and Technological Change", in Porter, Andrew, Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 247–269, ISBN 0199246785 
• Moore, Robin J. (2001a), "Imperial India, 1858-1914", in Porter, Andrew, Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 422–446, ISBN 0199246785 
• Moore, Robin J. (2001b), "India in the 1940s", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 231–242, ISBN 0199246807 
• Raj, Kapil (2000), "Colonial Encounters and the Forging of New Knowledge and National Identities: Great Britain and India, 1760-1850", Osiris, 2nd Series 15 (Nature and Empire: Science and the Colonial Enterprise): 119–134, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0369-7827%282000%292%3A15%3C119%3ACEATFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 
• Ray, Rajat Kanta (1995), "Asian Capital in the Age of European Domination: The Rise of the Bazaar, 1800-1914", Modern Asian Studies 29 (3): 449–554, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%28199507%2929%3A3%3C449%3AACITAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J 
• Raychaudhuri, Tapan (2001), "India, 1858 to the 1930s", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 214–230, ISBN 0199246807 
• Robb, Peter (1997), "The Colonial State and Constructions of Indian Identity: An Example on the Northeast Frontier in the 1880s", Modern Asian Studies 31 (2): 245–283, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%28199705%2931%3A2%3C245%3ATCSACO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K 
• Roy, Tirthankar (2002), "Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link", The Journal of Economic Perspectives 16 (3): 109–130, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0895-3309%28200222%2916%3A3%3C109%3AEHAMIR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F 
• Simmons, Colin (1985), "'De-Industrialization', Industrialization and the Indian Economy, c. 1850-1947", Modern Asian Studies 19 (3): 593–622, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%281985%2919%3A3%3C593%3A%27IATIE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K 
• Talbot, Ian (2001), "Pakistan's Emergence", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 253–263, ISBN 0199246807 
• Tinker, Hugh (1968), India in the First World War and after. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1918-19: From War to Peace. (Oct., 1968), pp. 89-107, Sage Publications, ISSN: 00220094 .
• Tomlinson, B. R. (2001), "Economics and Empire: The Periphery and the Imperial Economy", in Porter, Andrew, Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 53–74, ISBN 0199246785 
• Washbrook, D. A. (2001), "India, 1818-1860: The Two Faces of Colonialism", in Porter, Andrew, Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 395–421, ISBN 0199246785 
• Watts, Sheldon (1999), "British Development Policies and Malaria in India 1897-c. 1929", Past and Present (165): 141–181, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-2746%28199911%290%3A165%3C141%3ABDPAMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 
• Wylie, Diana (2001), "Disease, Diet, and Gender: Late Twentieth Century Perspectives on Empire", in Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 277–289, ISBN 0199246807 

[edit] Classic histories and gazetteers

• Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II (1908), The Indian Empire, Historical, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxv, 1 map, 573. 
• Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907), The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxxvi, 1 map, 520. 
• Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV (1907), The Indian Empire, Administrative, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552. 
• Lovett, Sir Verney (1920), A History of the Indian Nationalist Movement, New York, Frederick A. Stokes Company, ISBN 81-7536-249-9 
• Majumdar, R. C.; Raychaudhuri, H. C.; Datta, Kalikinkar (1950), An Advanced History of India, London: Macmillan and Company Limited. 2nd edition. Pp. xiii, 1122, 7 maps, 5 coloured maps. .
• Smith, Vincent A. (1921), India in the British Period: Being Part III of the Oxford History of India, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 2nd edition. Pp. xxiv, 316 (469-784) .

[edit] Tertiary sources

• Oldenburg, Philip (2007), ""India: Movement for Freedom"", Encarta Encyclopedia . Archived 2009-10-31.
• Wolpert, Stanley (2007), "India: British Imperial Power 1858-1947 (Indian nationalism and the British response, 1885-1920; Prelude to Independence, 1920-1947)", Encyclopædia Britannica .

[edit] Related reading

• Bairoch, Paul, Economics and World History, University of Chicago Press, 1995
• Bhatia, B. M., Famines in India: A study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India with Special Reference to Food Problem, Delhi: Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 1985
• Bowle, John, The Imperial Achievement, Secker & Warburg, London, 1974, ISBN 978-0316104098
• Chapman, Pat Taste of the Raj, Hodder & Stoughton, London—ISBN 0340680350 (1997)
• Coates, Tim, (series editor), The Amritsar Massacre 1919 - General Dyer in the Punjab (Official Reports, including Dyer's Testimonies), Her Majesty's Stationary Office (HMSO) 1925, abridged edition, 2000, ISBN 0-11-702412-0
• Davis, Mike, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World 2001, ISBN 1-85984-739-0
• Dutt, Romesh C. Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India, first published 1900, 2005 edition by Adamant Media Corporation, Elibron Classics Series, ISBN 1-4021-5115-2
• Dutt, Romesh C. The Economic History of India under early British Rule, first published 1902, 2001 edition by Routledge, ISBN 0-415-24493-5
• Forbes, Rosita, India of the Princes', London, 1939
• Forrest, G. W., CIE, (editor), Selections from The State Papers of the Governors-General of India - Warren Hastings (2 vols), Blackwell's, Oxford, 1910
• James, Lawrence, Raj - The Making and Unmaking of British India, London, 1997, ISBN 0-316-64072-7
• Keay, John, The Honourable Company - A History of the English East India Company, HarperCollins, London, 1991, ISBN 0-00-217515-0
• Moorhouse, Geoffrey, India Britannica, Book Club Associates, UK, 1983
• Morris, Jan with Simon Winchester, Stones of Empire - The Buildings of the Raj, Oxford University Press, 1st edition 1983 (paperback edition 1986, ISBN 0-19-282036-2
• Sen, Amartya, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982
• Srivastava, H.C., The History of Indian Famines from 1858-1918, Sri Ram Mehra and Co., Agra, 1968
• Voelcker, John Augustus, Report on the Improvement of Indian Agriculture, Indian Government publication, Calcutta, 2nd edition, 1897.
• Woodroffe, Sir John, Is India Civilized - Essays on Indian Culture, Madras, 1919.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: British India

• British India Website
• The British Crown's consolidation of India
• The New Student's Reference Work/India (1914)
• Images of Empire Library, Bristol, UK
• British Ruled India (1757-1947) Bibliography of Books Articles and Dissertations Concentrating on 1914-1947

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Latin America and the Caribbean [show] 17th century 1605–1979  *Saint Lucia 1623–1883  Saint Kitts (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1624–1966  *Barbados 1625–1650  Saint Croix 1627–1979  *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883  Nevis (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1629–1641  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 since 1632  Montserrat 1632–1860  Antigua (*Antigua & Barbuda) 1643–1860  Bay Islands since 1650  Anguilla 1651–1667  Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1655–1850  Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962  *Jamaica since 1666  British Virgin Islands since 1670  Cayman Islands 1670–1973  *Bahamas 1670–1688  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 1671–1816  Leeward Islands 18th century 1762–1974  *Grenada 1763–1978  Dominica since 1799  Turks and Caicos Islands 19th century 1831–1966  British Guiana (Guyana) 1833–1960  Windward Islands 1833–1960  Leeward Islands 1860–1981  *Antigua and Barbuda 1871–1964  British Honduras (*Belize) 1882–1983  *St. Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962  Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 1958–1962  West Indies Federation 4Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia Africa [show] 18th century 1792–1961  Sierra Leone 1795–1803  Cape Colony 19th century 1806–1910  Cape Colony 1816–1965  Gambia 1856–1910  Natal 1868–1966  Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957  Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922  Egypt 1884–1966  Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960  British Somaliland 1887–1897  Zululand 1888–1894  Matabeleland 1890–1980  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1890–1962  Uganda 1890–1963  Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964  Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907  British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968  Swaziland 1895–1920  East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956  Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 20th century 1900–1914  Northern Nigeria 1900–1914  Southern Nigeria 1900–1910  Orange River Colony 1900–1910  Transvaal Colony 1906–1954  Nigeria Colony 1910–1931  South Africa 1911–1964  Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1914–1954  Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 1915–1931  South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960  Cameroons (Cameroon) 5 1920–1963  Kenya 1922–1961  Tanganyika (Tanzania) 5 1954–1960  Nigeria 5League of Nations mandate Asia [show] 17th Century 1685-1824  Bencoolen (Sumatra) 18th century 1702–1705  Côn Đảo 1757–1947  Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 1762–1764  Philippines 1795–1948  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965  Maldives 19th century 1819–1826  British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 1826–1946  Straits Settlements 1839–1967  Colony of Aden 1841–1997  Hong Kong 1841–1941  Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1858–1947  British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) 1882–1963  British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946  Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984  Sultanate of Brunei 1888–1946  Sultanate of Sulu 1891–1971  Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971  Trucial States protectorate 1895–1946  Federated Malay States 1898–1930  Weihai Garrison 1878–1960  Cyprus 20th century 1918–1961  Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932  Iraq5 1921–1946  Transjordan5 1923–1948  Palestine5 1945–1946  South Vietnam 1946–1948  Malayan Union 1946–1963  Sarawak (Malaysia) 1948–1957  Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) since 1960  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) since 1965  British Indian Ocean Territory 5League of Nations mandate Oceania [show] 18th century 1788–1901  New South Wales 19th century 1803–1901  Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863  Auckland Islands6 1824–1980  New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901  Queensland 1829–1901  Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901  South Australia since 1838  Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907  Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901  Victoria 1874–1970  Fiji7 1877–1976  British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949  Territory of Papua 1888–1965  Cook Islands6 1889–1948  Union Islands (Tokelau)6 1892–1979  Gilbert and Ellice Islands8 1893–1978  British Solomon Islands9 20th century 1900–1970  Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974  Niue6 1901–1942  *Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953  *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942  Nauru 1945–1968  Nauru 1919–1949  Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975  Territory of Papua and New Guinea10 6Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand 7Suspended member 8Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu 9Now the *Solomon Islands 10Now *Papua New Guinea Antarctica and South Atlantic [show] 17th century since 1659  St. Helena 19th century since 1815  Ascension Island11 since 1816  Tristan da Cunha11 since 1833  Falkland Islands12 20th century since 1908  British Antarctic Territory13 since 1908  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands12, 13 11Dependencies of St. Helena since 1922 (Ascension Island) and 1938 (Tristan da Cunha) 12Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982 13Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)

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Categories: Former countries in Asia | Former monarchies of Asia | States and territories established in 1858 | 1947 disestablishments | British rule in India | History of Pakistan

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